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Tang dynasty (4)

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The Tang dynasty (Chinese: 唐朝), or Tang Empire, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Historians generally regard the Tang as a high point in Chinese civilization, and a golden age of cosmopolitan culture. Tang territory, acquired through the military campaigns of its early rulers, rivaled that of the Han dynasty.

Tang dynasty - Wikipedia

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Data Points with Word "Tang dynasty"

Constructed after Baekje relocated its capital to Sabi (present-day Buyeo), this pagoda epitomizes the original Baekje-style stone pagoda. The use of entasis-style corner columns and the fact that a wide roof stone and body stones were separately produced and later assembled suggest that the pagoda emulated wooden architecture. Well-balanced forms and good proportions as well as solemn and grave yet refined beauty is a testament to the superb craftsmanship of Baekje artisans. The first floor of the pagoda bears inscriptions under the epitaph 'Daedang pyeong baekjeguk bimyeong', (celebrating the Great Tang dynasty's conquest of Baekje), where Tang dynasty general Su Dingfang (592-667) praises his own achievements.

This pavilion is located atop Nakhwaam Rock. It was built in 1929 to commemorate the martyrdom of the court ladies of the Baekje kingdom (18 CE - 660 CE) who jumped to their deaths from this rock where the Baekje capital fell in 660 to the joint forces of the Korean Silla kingdom and the Chinese Tang dynasty. The name of the rock, Nakhwaam, means 'rock of the falling flowers,' and is a metaphor for the women who jumped from this rock. The name Baekwajeong means 'white flower pavilion' comes from a poem by the Chinese poet Su Shi (1037-1101) written when he was exiled to Huizhou. The poem describes the view of the river he observed outside the fortress there, which is similar to the view of the Baengmagang River passing by Busosanseong Fortress. 

This large rock stands on the northern side of Busosan Mountain facing toward the Baengmagang River. According to the Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms (Samgukyusa), when the Baekje Kingdom's capital Sabi (today's Buyeo) was attacked by the joint forces of the Korean Silla Kingdom and Chinese Tang empire (Tang dynasty) in 660, the Baekje court ladies feared they would be unable to avoid harm. Refusing to die at the hands of the enemy, they climbed to the top of this rock on Busosan Mountain and threw themselves into the river, thus committing suicide. The rock came to be known as Tasaam, meaning the 'rock of jumping to one's death.' Later, people began to compare the court ladies to flowers, and thus the rock became called Nakhwaam, meaning 'rock of falling flowers'. 'This name was carved into the rock face by the renowned Confucian scholar Song Si-yeol (1607-1689).

The Outdoor Exhibition of the Buyeo National Museum is composed of a rich collection of historical artifacts retrieved from Buyeo and the surrounding area. Among them it is worth mentioning the following:Capstone - Seongjusa Temple Site in Seongju-myeon, Boryeong, Unified Silla   The capstone of a stele is referred to as isu, with 'i' meaning dragon and 'su' meaning head. This style of capstones established during Tang China influenced Korea to build tripartite memorial stones composed of the tortoise-shaped pedestal, body, and capstone directly after the unification of Silla. Unlike Korean examples in which the body and cap were separate pieces, the cap and body of Chinese stele comprise a single whole. The capstone discovered in the Seongjusa Temple Site, one of the nine major Zen-Buddhist Orders (Gusanseonmun), features engravings of hornless dragons encircling each other. Another distinguishing feature is a circular slab with the title inscription. A stele memorializing the monk Muyeom, who passed away in 888, remains in the Seongjusa Temple Site. The composition of its capstone and the round form of inscription tablet suggest that it is the work of a Buddhist master who entered the Seongjusa Temple during the Goryeo period.Pedestal - Seongjusa Temple Site in Seongju-myeon, Boryeong - Unified Silla Steles influenced by Tang China (Tang dynasty) feature pedestals in the shape of a tortoise known as 'guibu', literally meaning tortoise pedestal. Earlier examples, such as the pedestal for the stele for King Taejong Muyeol in Gyeongju, feature the head of a tortoise, but from the mid-ninth century they feature a dragon's head. The tortoise-shaped pedestal is believed to have been a single piece with the capstone found in the Seongjusa Temple Site in Boryeong. It has lost parts of its head and body, but the shape of the legs and the back are rather lifelike.Five-story Stone Pagoda of Dongsa-ri   The stone pagoda originally stood in Dongsa-ri of Sedo-myeon, Buyeo-gu, but was relocated to Buyeo-eup in 1971. It was once again relocated to its current location in the Buyeo National Museum in 1993. This five-story pagoda stands on a two storied base, which is decorated with three elephant eye designs carved on all four sides. The upper tier of the base is topped with a pedestal decorated with a lotus design, with floral ornaments protruding from the corners. The pagoda's design is a typical style of the early Goryeo period.Stone Standing Buddha   This stone statue of a standing Buddha was discovered in 1933 near a temple site known as Cheonwangsa Temple in Geumseongsan Mountain in Buyeo-eup, Buyeo-gun. This statue resembles a column with a large head, narrow shoulders and plump face and body, with few distinctive features. Such pillar-like Buddha statues were prevalent in the early Goryeo Dynasty in what is now Chungcheong-do and Jeolla-do provinces.Monument for Liu Renyuan of Tang China - BuyeoThis stone monument to the Tang General Liu Renyuan was originally situated at Busosan Mountain, but is now located at the Buyeo National Museum. The inscription on the monument contains a record of the achievements of the Chinese General Liu Renyuan. Unfortunately, the record of his life after the collapse of Baekje and the subsequent Baekje Restoration Movement was erased. Although the monument was built to praise the Tang General Liu Renyuan, it is regarded as a historically significant relic as its inscription contains important historic information about the tragedy of Baekje's last king, Uija, who was taken as a hostage to Tang China together with his crown prince and some 700 courtiers. The inscription also contains details about the rise and fall of the Baekje Restoration Movement, and the destruction of Baekje's capital after the collapse of the kingdom.Stele for the Construction of Bogwangsa Temple at Bongwangsa Temple Site - Buyeo   This stone stele was erected to honor the life and achievements of State Preceptor Wonmyeong, who raised the status of Bogwangsa Temple to that of a major dharma center of Goryeo. The relic, which lacks its headstone and pedestal, was moved from its original location at the Bogwangsa Temple site to the Buyeo National Museum in 1963. The monument contains two inscriptions, one that was engraved on its front face in 1358, when it was originally built, and another that was engraved on its rear face in 1750, during the reign of King Yeongjo of the Joseon period. According to the inscription, State Preceptor Wonmyeong passed the state examination and became a Buddhist priest at the age of nineteen, and remained at Seonwonsa Temple until his death in 1351. Although Wonmyeong did not want his pupils to build a stele or pagoda honoring his life and achievements, he could not stop them from building this stele six years after his death. Also called Bogwangsa Jungchangbi, literally 'monument commemorating the renovation of Bogwangsa Temple,' this monument exhibits the simple style of steles of the late Goryeo period, and is a valuable resource for studies on Buddhist art history.Five-story Stone pagoda of Dongnam-riThis stone pagoda was originally a five-story structure built on a two-tiered platform, but the fourth layer and parts of the base are missing. The multi-storied composition and two-tiered base are a typical style of Unified Silla Dynasty pagodas, but the proportions are more characteristic of Goryeo Dynasty pagodas, considering the height of each story greater than its width.

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