WORD
Palladian architecture is a European style rooted in the work of Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580), whose principles of symmetry, perspective, and classical form derived from ancient Greek and Roman traditions. Recognized as Palladianism, this style first took shape in England during the early 17th century under Inigo Jones, whose Queen's House at Greenwich is considered the first English Palladian building. Palladianism’s progress slowed with the English Civil War, as the flamboyant English Baroque dominated the Restoration period. However, in the early 18th century, a revival of interest, spurred by architectural publications like Palladio’s 'I quattro libri dell’architettura' and Colen Campbell’s 'Vitruvius Britannicus', brought Palladianism back into vogue. Campbell’s Wanstead House, alongside influential work by Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington—such as Chiswick House and Burlington House—led to a resurgence. Burlington’s collaboration with artist and architect William Kent resulted in Holkham Hall in Norfolk, a masterpiece of Palladian design, and Kent’s Horse Guards in London marked Palladianism as a national style. Palladianism also spread across Europe, with adaptations influenced by English tastes. In Prussia, Francesco Algarotti advocated for the style to Frederick the Great, influencing designs like Knobelsdorff’s opera house in Berlin, modeled after Wanstead House. In the late 18th century, Palladianism gained traction in North America, where Thomas Jefferson integrated its principles into his architectural vision for the American Republic, producing iconic structures such as the Hammond–Harwood House in Maryland and Monticello in Virginia. The style also found its way to British colonies in the Indian subcontinent. By the 19th century, Palladianism was overtaken by Neoclassicism, which, along with Gothic Revival, challenged the style’s dominance. In particular, Gothic Revival advocates like Augustus Pugin criticized Palladianism for its origins in ancient temples, considering it too pagan for Christian architecture. However, Palladian elements—such as pediments, symmetry, and balanced proportions—continue to influence architecture into the 20th and 21st centuries, confirming Palladio's lasting impact as one of history’s most influential architects.
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