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Hypocaust (3)

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A hypocaust (Latin: hypocaustum) is a system of central heating in a building that produces and circulates hot air below the floor of a room, and may also warm the walls with a series of pipes through which the hot air passes. This air can warm the upper floors as well. The word derives from the Ancient Greek hypo meaning "under" and caust-, meaning "burnt" (as in caustic).

Hypocaust - Wikipedia

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Data Points with Word "Hypocaust"

The exterior of the building (1798) that surrounds the quadrangular courtyard resembles the Neoclassical period, but parts of the property have been built in different periods. The W- and S- sides have 14th and 15th century basements with staircases and a hypocaust furnace. Major Kaulbars and Count Hans Heinrich Tiesenhausen have contributed to the development of the building. Tiesenhausen's son Ferdinand, who was Alexander I's wingman, was mortally wounded in the battle of Austerlitz (1805); his grave and memorial stone are situated in the Dome Church. Benita v. Wrangell was the last aristocrat owner of the property. It was then presented to Captain Karl Mothander, a Swede who had voluntarily taken part in the Estonian War of Independence. Under his orders, the spacious halls of the noble palace were turned into small apartments.

Modest from the outside, with eaves resembling wood-carving from the 19th century, this building was erected in 1693 as the consistory of Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church. Some fragments of wall friezes have remained from the original interior decoration. The most remarkable additions from the 18th century include the lobby with its staircase, the beam ceiling painted blue, black and white and the Rococo wall cabinet. The Neo-Classical front doors are the oldest details of the facade. In the 19th century, the building was used as the parsonage of the Cathedral. During renovations carried out with the assistance of the Church of North Elbe, medieval cellars were discovered. A hypocaust, wall steps, stone panels with carved coat-of-arms and a late-Gothic window pillar have been preserved. The former kitchen was converted into a chapel decorated with murals painted by Eeva Jänes. The former stables and coach-houses also make up part of the property.

In 1755 the dwelling house of Pastor T. Plasching, now the most outstanding wooden structure of baroque period in town, was built on the plot unused since the Great Northern War. The type project by Domenico Trezzini was apparently used as the architectural example. The baroque portal located in the end wall is unique in Tartu. Initially the cross-beam wall on the facade was not covered with boarding, the roof had small dormers. In the great town fire of 1775 the building was the only one to survive among the structures of the type. In the course of time most of the baroque interior decoration has perished, however, initial inside doors have been preserved. The rooms of two buildings from the 14th century, erected of boulders and bricks, were discovered in cellar level. The hypocaust furnace and staircase leading to the main floor, several window alcoves, door openings and niches have been preserved. The medieval buildings were seriously damaged in the Great Northern War. The building was restored in 2009-2010.

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