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Hanseatic League (4)

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The Hanseatic League was a medieval commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in central and northern Europe. Growing from a few north German towns in the late 12th century, the League ultimately encompassed nearly 200 settlements across seven modern-day countries; at its height between the 13th and 15th centuries, it stretched from the Netherlands in the west to Russia in the east, and from Estonia in the north to Kraków, Poland in the south.

Hanseatic League - Wikipedia

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Data Points with Word "Hanseatic League"

The first time Koknese is mentioned is in the famous 1205 Chronicle of Henry of Livonia. However archaeological digs have shown that the territory was already inhabited by 1 BC. The building of the stone castle began with the arrival of German Bishop Albert in 1209 (Albert of Riga) on the same place where an ancient Latvian wooden castle once stood. The castle was built on the hilltop overlooking the confluence of the Perse and Daugava rivers. The castle has been reconstructed several times. The walls were made from dolomite quarried from the Daugava's banks, with bricks used for door and window frames. A settlement of merchants and craftsmen formed around the castle in the 13th century. The Bishop of Riga granted Koknese its town charter in 1277. Later Koknese joined the Hanseatic League and the town's representatives took part in assemblies of Livonian towns. When Livonia collapsed, Koknese came under Polish rule for a while, but in 1577 during the Livonian War, the castle was taken by the Russians. On the orders of Ivan the Terrible, the entire Koknese garrison was killed, the town demolished and its population taken as hostages. During the later Northern War, Koknese was taken by a Polish-Saxon army and the castle was partially blown up in 1701. Since then Koknese castle has remained a ruin. Since the creation of the Pjavinas hydro-electric station, the water of the Daugava has lapped at the bottom of the castle walls. Currently, maintaining the glory and reputation of the old time, theatrical performances, concerts, coinage, wedding ceremonies in medieval and ancient Latvian style, and the traditional Cat-fish Waking Festival takes place at the Koknese Castle ruins. The historical exhibition in the pavilion of the ruins provides an insight about the landscape that cannot be seen anymore. It is possible to purchase souvenirs with symbols of Koknese at the visitor pavilion.

The Tallinn Brotherhood of Black Heads, established in 1399, leased the Pikk street building in 1517 and added a big festive hall to it in 1531-1532, the initial ornament paintings of which can still be seen in the windows. In 1597, the facade was renovated by the builder-stonecutter Arent Passer. In addition to the coat of arms of the brotherhood that bears the picture of St. Mauritius, the stone decor also represents the portraits of the landlords King Sigismund III and Queen Anna; the coats of arms of Tallinn's partner factories in the Hanseatic League the Steelyard in London, Peterscourt in Novgorod, the Oosterlinghuis in Bruges and Tyskebryggen in Bergen; above these, Black Heads on a tournament, Justitia (Justice), Pax (Peace) and Christ Almighty can be seen. The rooms in the House of Black Heads and Olev's Guild were modernized between 1908 - 1922. 

The only surviving Gothic Town Hall in Northern Europe, the Town Hall in Tallinn was first mentioned in 1322. When the present day building was completed in 1402 - 1404, Tallinn was a flourishing Hanseatic city (Hanseatic League). The upper floor with its impressive halls, the arcade and the tower were built in that period. The Town Hall is traditionally the centre of European municipal government, from 1248 Tallinn was governed by Lubeck law, according to which the magistracy elected from the Hansa merchants began its work. The Town Hall was the seat of the local government, later renamed the Town Council, until 1970. It is still used for ceremonial and cultural purposes.

The House of Perkūnas is one of the most original and Gothic style secular buildings. Originally built by Hanseatic merchants (Hanseatic League) and served as their office from 1440 until 1532, it was sold in the 16th century to the Jesuits who had established a chapel there in 1643. The ruined house was rebuilt in the 19th century and served as a school and theatre, which was attended by Polish-Lithuanian poet Adam Mickiewicz. At the end of the 19th century it was renamed the "House of Perkūnas", when a figure, interpreted by the romantic historians of that time as an idol of the Baltic pagan god of thunder and the sky Perkūnas was found in one of its walls. Today, the house of Perkūnas once again belongs to the Jesuits and houses a museum of Adam Mickiewicz.

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