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Hanok (4)

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A hanok (Korean: 한옥) is a traditional Korean house. Hanok were first designed and built in the 14th century during the Joseon dynasty. Korean architecture considers the positioning of the house in relation to its surroundings, with thought given to the land and seasons. The interior of the house is also planned accordingly. This principle is called baesanimsu (Korean: 배산임수), meaning that the ideal house is built with a mountain in the back and a river in the front. Hanok shapes differ by region. In the cold northern regions of Korea, hanok are built in a square with a courtyard in the middle in order to retain heat better. In the south, hanok are more open and L-shaped.

Hanok - Wikipedia

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Bukchon Hanok Village, known as 북촌한옥마을 in Korean, is a residential neighborhood situated in Seoul, South Korea's Jongno District. Characterized by a plethora of beautifully restored traditional Korean houses called 'hanok,' it has gained significant popularity as a tourist attraction. However, this surge in tourism has led to some tensions with the local residents. Historically, Bukchon comprised neighborhoods like Wonseo-dong, Jae-dong, Gye-dong, Gahoe-dong, and Insa-dong. During the Joseon period (Joseon Dynasty), it served as the residential area for high-ranking government officials and nobility. The name 'Bukchon' is derived from its location north of the Cheonggyecheon stream and Jongno, literally meaning 'north village.' In terms of tourism, a poll conducted by the Seoul Metropolitan Government in November 2011 revealed that exploring the narrow streets of Bukchon ranked as the fourth favorite activity among nearly 2,000 foreign visitors in Seoul. Over the years, the number of visitors surged, with the village being featured in popular television programs like 2 Days & 1 Night and Personal Taste. However, concerns have been raised by locals due to the disproportionate ratio of tourists to residents. Despite this, guidelines have been set by the Seoul tourism website to maintain a peaceful coexistence, emphasizing responsible tourism practices to ensure harmony within the community.

Situated between Gyeongbokgung and Changdeokgung Palaces, Bukchon is Seoul City's representative traditional Korean residential area, reflecting Seoul's 600 years of history. It is named Bukchon ('Northern Village') because it was located to the north of Cheonggyecheon Stream and Jongno. The area consists of Samcheong-dong and Gahoe-dong. When large tracts of land were divided into small plots during the late Joseon Dynasty, the current modernized form of hanok (traditional Korean house) began to be built. This style of housing architecture in Bukchon reflects the phenomenon of increasingly high urban population density as more and more people moved to Seoul. As Bukchon is home to numerous relics and cultural heritages originating from diverse periods of history, and as old Joseon and modern alleyways criss-cross the area, visitors can see the untouched vestiges of the past and the life of the residents.

Jeonju hanok Village is the perfect destination to tour some 700 traditional Korean houses featuring roof eaves, low stone walls, and platform for crocks of sauces and condiments with the traditional landscape of the region along the alleyways. The village is home to important cultural heritages and cultural facilities including Gyeonggijeon Shrine, Omokdae Historic Site, and Jeonju hyanggyo Local Confucian School where tourists can appreciate traditional culture and styles and classic scholars enjoyed scenery and performed arts in the past. This unique cultural place in Jeonju has become a popular tourist attraction both at home and abroad.

The mother company of today's Samsung stood at No. 61-1 Ingyo-dong Daegu. Samsung Trading was established in a small wooden building in 1938 and began its initial operations that would eventually give birth to Samsung, one of the most dynamic global conglomerates today. As a small root grows into a robust tree and a small spring flows to become a mighty river. Samsung set its sight from this simple beginning to transform itself into a name now renowned around the world. We vow to remember and instill that very same spirit in all of our endeavors. Before establishing Samsung Trading, founder Byung-chul Lee (1910-1987, pen name: Ho-Am) traveled extensively throughout Korea as well as to Manchuria, Beijing, and Shanghai. Subsequently he decided to engage in trading which required relatively little capital, and opened Samsung Trading Company on March 1, 1938 at a corner of the Seomun Market, the center of Daegu's commercial hustle and bustle. Located proximate to the Seoul-Busan rail line and to national roads stretching to towns and cities in all directions, the market served as a key supply and distribution center for daily necessities, agricultural products, marine products, textiles, and livestock. Following liberation from the Japanese occupation in 1945, Samsung Trading rapidly grew into Samsung Corporation and moved to Seoul after nine years of success and development at the Seomoon Market site. 'Samsung' is the Korean pronunciation of two Chinese characters representing 'three' and 'star'. Founder Byung-chull Lee chose the 'three' to stand for 'big, strong, and everlasting', and 'star' to represent a lofty, eternal, brightly shining entity for the world. The name aptly demonstrates how far-reaching Chairman Lee's aspirations were. As Samsung continued to grow, newly established companies often featured either 'Cheil' (First) or 'Joongang' (Central) as part of their name to reflect the determination to become leader or center of their respective industries. On the first floor of Samsung Trading, a motor room, a noodle-making machine, and a flour mill occupied the right side while a reception room, a traditional ondol heated floor, and an office occupied the left side. A warehouse to store sacks of flour and noodles stood at the rear, and noodles were hung to dry on the second, third, and fourth floors of the building. With a single telephone and forty employees, Samsung Trading began by directly procuring fruits, vegetable, and dried maritime products from surrounding communities and exporting these to Manchuria and Beijing. The company also maximized use of its flour mill and noodle production 'Byeolpyo Guksu' (Star Noodles). Demand was so great that lines of wholesaler and retailer bicycles and oxcarts often depleted the company of its supply. Instead of purchasing a house, Chairman Lee moved his family into a corner room of the building where they lived for years so that he could reinvest all profits into the company to guarantee success. Upon liberation in 1945, Chairman Lee realized his new calling, as a businessman of a newly independent nation. From that moment on, Samsung has cultivated the spirit of 'serving the nation through business activities'. 'It seems to me that true happiness can be found when one realizes what his purpose in life is. I was fortunate to live my entire life as an entrepreneur and I never once wavered from my determination to serve the nation through corporate activities.' (From My Managerial Philosophy, Byung-chull Lee, FKI Monthly Magazine, November 1976) Chairman Lee, who was born in the year of the Japanese annexation of Korea and grew up under Japanese rule, dedicated his entire life to the economic development of his nation through a diverse range of corporate activities. THE ARCHITECTURAL VALUE - Samsung Trading Company's home, built in 1934, was 13-meter-high 4-story building with one basement level. It stood prominently among simple stalls and stands that lined the streets and alleys of Seomun Market. In contrast to the popular brick and concrete building of Seoul, it cleverly incorporated a combination of traditional Korean hanok architecture and wooden structure. The original structure weathered the vagaries of history and economy trends for more that six decades and was considered of immense architectural value. However, in danger of collapse due to the ravages of time, it was finally torn down in September 1997. A commemorative structure was erected on the original site of Samsung Trading Company to identify and preserve the historical importance of the company in the nation's rapid economic development.

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