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Great Northern War (8)

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The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.

Great Northern War - Wikipedia

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Data Points with Word "Great Northern War"

This church is unique in North Europe because of its rich terracotta ornamentation - more than 1000 figurines - and the high-relief wall design. It is consecrated to John the Baptist and was first mentioned in historical documents in 1323. The basilica-like vaulted nave leads us to the choir with polygonal apse, adjoining the vestry. The church which was completed in the second half of the 14th century is dominated by the tower; the portal is crowned with a pediment with the Great Deesis group of the Judgement Day. The foundations of the nave and the tower were built on wooden raft structures. On the south side lies the chapel of Lübeck. In the area of the central nave, the remnants of a 12th or 13th century wooden building and a burial site were found. In the western part of the chapel of Lübeck, the chapel of Chr. W. von Münnich was built in 1746 and on the south side of the tower the chapel of E. von Münnich was erected in 1769. In the decade from 1820-1830, the interior was redesigned in the classical fashion and between 1899-1904 the exterior was restored. The church was partially destroyed in the Great Northern War and suffered fire damage in 1944. Restoration was completed in 2004; the terracotta sculptures on the outside were replaced with copies and the foundation was supported using concrete piles.

The Lutheran church of Rakvere, the Trinity church, originally dates from the 15th century and was designed to also be able to function as a stronghold in times of trouble. It was severely damaged during the Livonian War and renovation started only in 1684. During the Great Northern War, the church once more was damaged by fire twice. Renovations were carried out 1727–1730, and again during the middle of the 19th century, when the church received its present look, dominated by its neo-Gothic spire. The interior displays some fine craftsmanship, including a Baroque pulpit from 1690 made by Christian Ackermann.

A granary and an outhouse that originally constituted part of the registered immovable of a merchant's house at 17 Vene Street. Both are of ancient origin and appearance, having been located by the road that connected the stronghold and the harbour already during the time of the Vikings. Number 13 consists of two granaries that are connected by a winding staircase. The buildings became ruins during the Nordic War (Great Northern War) and were reconstructed in 1732 and 1758. The house's simple strong ceiling beams, and the distribution of windows and basement arches date from this period. The outhouse (from the 15th century) has been built as a two-storied home for a single family.

It is the most distinguished building in Uus Street. Though the frame of the ornate portal displays the date '1751', the house is considerably loder, Uus Street was the first street built behind the defence wall. According to the original design of the building, it is likely that the basement and the ground floor of the present building date back to the Swedish rule in Estonia during the second half of the 17th century. In the very heart of the house there is a chimney, which occupies a large part of the internal space and which looks like a huge stone bottle. It has an ashlar with the date '1744', probably marking the reconstruction after the Great Northern War when the house was transformed into a one family dwelling house. Three escutcheons situated above the portal bearing coats of arms with initials in the middle attract one's attention. They belonged to big merchants and noble townspeople who used the building for sorting of the flax and hemp. The anchor is the emblem of the Gernet merchant family. Wilhelm Hinrich Gernet led the business, his partner was the trading company 'Adolph Oom & Söhne'. The emblem of the Oom family bears curious symbols: a heart with horns. The lion shaped coat of arms with initials 'HE' on the right side of the door belonged to Hans Jacob Eggers, the elder of the Great Guild. He was also the first tenant of this flax and hemp sorting building after the business had come into the possession of the town. He lived here and also used the building as his office. In 1876, a school was founded in the building. In 1944, the building was significantly damaged by the bombardment of the Soviet Army. After its repairs in 1949, it was re-designed as a school again. Broader restoration works were carried out from 1988 until 1991, they were projected by the Estonian architect I. Kannelmäe. After that, the Estonian Hunters' Society settled here. This baroque house and architectural monument belongs to the building complex, where the Embassy of the Republic of Lithuania and the Republic of Estonia have been located since 1995.

The main seaward gate of medieval Tallinn. The Great Coastal Gate was the most important gate of the Hanseatic town Tallinn. It was the main route for traffic between the port and the market-square. Above the gateway stands an impressive dolomite carving bearing Tallin's coat of arms (from 1529). The main gate, which was erected in the 14th century in line with town hall, was, in its final shape, a rectangular tower with six storeys (demolished in 1782). Its gateway was closable with a portcullis. The barbican, built next presumably had two side-towers, out of which only the western one has survived as rebuilt in the next construction phase. In the fear of an onrush by 'The King of Denmark and his people', extensive reconstruction work took place under the supervision of masters Clemens Pale and Gert Konigk between 1518 and 1529. Tallinn saw erection of a yet unprecedented artillery tower with a diameter of 25 meters in the NE-corner of the town fortification zone - in the close vicinity of the port. The three bottom floors of the tower, with wall thickness of 4.4 - 5.1 meters, boast 22 artillery embrasures equipped with ventilation shafts. The upper part of the artillery tower was surrounded by a salient parapet or machicolation - this interesting defence feature has only survived on the Western tower of the barbican. Later reconstruction works, carried out in the 17th century, included an additional gate and the fourth artillery floor of the artillery tower then known as Rosenkrantz. After the Great Northern War (1700 - 1721), the artillery tower remained in use as a warehouse, barracks and prison. Since then, the tower has been named Fat Margaret. The gate complex suffered in fire during the February Revolution in 1917. Today, it houses the Estonian Maritime Museum (reconstruction works by Polish restorers in 1978 - 1980).

In 1755 the dwelling house of Pastor T. Plasching, now the most outstanding wooden structure of baroque period in town, was built on the plot unused since the Great Northern War. The type project by Domenico Trezzini was apparently used as the architectural example. The baroque portal located in the end wall is unique in Tartu. Initially the cross-beam wall on the facade was not covered with boarding, the roof had small dormers. In the great town fire of 1775 the building was the only one to survive among the structures of the type. In the course of time most of the baroque interior decoration has perished, however, initial inside doors have been preserved. The rooms of two buildings from the 14th century, erected of boulders and bricks, were discovered in cellar level. The hypocaust furnace and staircase leading to the main floor, several window alcoves, door openings and niches have been preserved. The medieval buildings were seriously damaged in the Great Northern War. The building was restored in 2009-2010.

This is one of the oldest streets in Tartu. In the 13th century, the street had been built of logs set between wooden frames perpendicular to the direction of movement. The logs are well preserved in the cultural layer at a depth of 2.5 meters. In the 15th century, at the latest, the streets of Tartu started to acquire cobblestone cladding and more stone buildings were constructed. Rüütli street was cobbled until World War II. In 1875, Rüütli street connected Town Hall Square with Lai Street. The buildings along the medieval streets were destroyed in the Great Northern War and in the fire of 1775. The streets were straightened in compliance with the 1776 Construction Decree; in the course of this, the medieval, crooked Rüütli street disappeared. Now this street is aligned with buildings in different styles from the Classical period onwards. It has a new cladding in which the reddish tiles denote the buildings of medieval streets which were on the river side. In front of the building at 15 Rüütli street, the brick portal of a medieval building, which had belonged to Jaani (St. John's) Church, has been marked.

One of the most iconic and best preserved medieval castles in Latvia. The foundations of the castle were laid 800 years ago (1213 or 1214) by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword. The most prosperous period Cēsis Castle experienced was during its next owners, the Teutonic Order. It became one of the key administrative and economic centers of the Teutonic Order in Livonia and was a seat of Landmeister in Livland. The first serious damage was done to the castle during the Livonian War, when it was besieged by the army of Ivan the Terrible. In the course of the siege of 1577 approximately 300 people within the castle committed mass suicide by blowing themselves up with gunpowder. Cēsis Castle was still in use during the following century but it fell into disuse after the Great Northern War. Major conservation and refurbishment works within the site were undertaken starting from 1930s when it became popular as a tourist attraction.

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