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Doukhobor (6)

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The Doukhobors (or Dukhobors in Russian) are a Spiritual Christian ethnoreligious group of Russian origin, known for their pacifism, oral history, hymn-singing, and rejection of the Russian Orthodox priesthood and its rituals. They believe personal revelation is more important than the Bible. Persecuted by the Russian government for their non-orthodox beliefs, many Doukhobors migrated to Canada between 1899 and 1938, where most now reside. In Russia, Doukhobors were seen as "folk-Protestants," sectarians, and heretics. They reject materialism, icons, and church rituals, believing that the Bible alone does not provide full divine revelation. Their faith is deeply influenced by the New Testament, and they continue to seek divine truth through introspection and debate. The Doukhobors have a history dating back to at least 1701, with possible earlier origins. Traditionally, they lived in communal villages and adopted the name "Spirit-wrestlers" from a derogatory term used by the Russian Orthodox Church, which they embraced. Their traditional diet included bread and borsch, with bread, salt, and water holding religious significance.

Doukhobors - Wikipedia

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Canora is a town located at the junction of Highways 5 and 9 in east-central Saskatchewan, approximately 50 km north of Yorkton. The town, home to around 2,100 residents, sits on the corners of four rural municipalities, including the RM of Good Lake. Founded in 1905 along the Canadian Northern Railway, now part of Canadian National Railway (CN), it remains a key rail hub with two freight lines and Via Rail passenger service.Canora's rich history began with European settlers, including Doukhobor, Romanians, and Ukrainians in the late 19th century. The first Ukrainian block settlement in Saskatchewan was established in 1897, with 150 families arriving from Western Ukraine. By 1910, Canora had achieved town status with a population of around 400 and established a Chamber of Commerce in 1912. Over time, the community grew steadily, with its population peaking in 1966 at around 2,734. Despite fluctuations, Canora remains culturally vibrant, with 53% of its population either from Ukraine or of Ukrainian descent.The town’s name derives from 'Canadian Northern Railway,' and its history is intertwined with the railway's development. Canora’s historic train station, once central to its growth, now serves as a museum and tourist information center. With a population of 2,092 as of the 2021 Census, Canora remains a small but significant community in the region.

Buchanan, a village in Saskatchewan, had a population of 218 in 2016. It's part of the Rural Municipality of Buchanan No. 304 and Census Division No. 9.The village was named after Robert Buchanan, who established a ranch near Good Spirit Lake in 1888. Buchanan maintains its agricultural heritage while offering recreational opportunities. Visitors can enjoy lakes, an in-town campground, picnic areas, and the historic Buchanan Mill Pond, featuring remnants of a Doukhobor flour mill from the early 1900s. Buchanan was incorporated as a village on June 11, 1907, and Robert Buchanan passed away in 1919.According to the 2021 Census, Buchanan's population increased to 237, living in 121 of its 141 dwellings, marking an 8.7% rise from 2016. With a land area of 1.13 km², the village had a population density of 209.7 people per km².

Duck Mountain Provincial Park is cherished for its rolling hills, well-stocked lakes, and boreal forest setting. The park offers a variety of accommodations, from wilderness camping and electric campsites to two Camp-Easy yurts, a lodge with modern cabins, and townhouses, making it a great year-round destination.This family-friendly park provides diverse recreational opportunities. You can fish for pike, walleye, or perch in the spring-fed Madge Lake or explore other nearby lakes. Bike a section of the Trans Canada Trail or enjoy one of the self-guided or interpretive trails. Don't miss the nearby National Doukhobor Heritage Village site in Veregin.

Veregin is a special service area located in Saskatchewan, Canada, about 50 kilometres northeast of Yorkton and 10 kilometres west of Kamsack. It was incorporated as a village in 1912 and named after Veregin Station, which was originally built in 1908. Interestingly, the name was misspelled by the railroad when it established Veregin Siding in 1904, a name intended to honor Peter V. Verigin, the Doukhobor leader. Veregin owes its existence to the Doukhobors, whose 1899 block settlement, known as the South Doukhobor Colony, happened to include the site that would become the village, and to the Canadian Northern Railway, whose line between Kamsack and Canora crossed the Doukhobor reserve in 1904. This location was chosen for the railway station, which served as a hub for the Doukhobor community.The village began to develop around the train station, and Peter Verigin moved his residence and headquarters there from Otradnoye in 1904. By 1910, Veregin had become an important Doukhobor settlement, hosting the annual meetings of the Doukhobor Community. It became the headquarters for the Christian Community of Universal Brotherhood (CCUB) when it was legally incorporated in 1917, although most CCUB members had already relocated to British Columbia. The headquarters remained in Veregin until 1931, when it was moved to British Columbia. After the CCUB went bankrupt in 1937–38, the community's facilities were either sold or destroyed.In 1980, Verigin's mansion, built in 1917, was restored, and in 2006 it, along with a few other Doukhobor buildings, was designated a National Historic Site of Canada under the name 'Doukhobors at Veregin.' However, two major fires in January 2004 threatened the village's viability. As a result, Veregin's status as a village was dissolved on December 31, 2006, and it was absorbed into the surrounding Rural Municipality of Sliding Hills No. 273 as a special service area.According to the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Veregin had a population of 47 living in 28 of its 43 total private dwellings, representing a 4.4% increase from its 2016 population of 45. With a land area of 1.46 square kilometres, it had a population density of 32.2 people per square kilometre in 2021.

Kamsack, Saskatchewan, Canada, is a town situated in the Assiniboine River Valley, where the Whitesand River converges with the Assiniboine River. Located 56 kilometers (35 miles) northeast of Yorkton, Kamsack is at the intersection of Highway 8 and Highway 5. The town is also near two First Nations: Coté First Nation, 8 kilometers (5 miles) north, and Keeseekoose First Nation, 18 kilometers (11 miles) north, both accessible via Highway 8.The establishment of Kamsack began in 1904 when land was surrendered from Coté First Nation to accommodate the Canadian Northern Railway station and the town site. Additional land was allocated between 1905 and 1907, with some sections later returned to reserve status. In 1913, a two-mile strip of land on the southern boundary was also surrendered but was returned in 1915 when it was determined that the Coté people had lost too much of their prime agricultural land. Further land, surrendered in 1905, was reconstituted as reserve land in 1963. The interest in and surrender of land near the Kamsack town site was driven partly by speculation of its value for settlement.The surrounding area was first settled in the 1880s by agricultural pioneers, and by 1905, the farmland around Kamsack was well established. The early settlers were a diverse group, including Doukhobors, Ukrainians, Europeans, Americans, and Eastern Canadians, many of whose descendants remain in the area today.Kamsack’s growth was closely tied to the Canadian Northern Railway, which led to the construction of the Kamsack railway station in 1903 and essentially spurred the town’s development. The town’s name originated from an early post office located in one of the first settlers’ homes, derived from the Cree word *kamesak kîkway* (meaning 'large, something large'). In the early 1900s, the nearby Doukhobor village of Nadezhda, approximately 15 km northwest of Kamsack, hosted the annual general meetings of Saskatchewan's Doukhobor community. By 1910, these meetings moved to the village of Veregin, about 10 km west of Kamsack, where a permanent Doukhobor central office was established. Kamsack’s early growth was rapid. The first buildings were constructed in 1904 along the north side of the railway, including a general store, drug store, pool room, hotel, and post office. By the spring of 1905, the town’s first school was opened, and by 1911, Kamsack had a population of over 500, leading to its incorporation as a town. The town’s expansion continued, with property assessments reaching $1.2 million by 1913. In the summer of 1914, construction began on essential infrastructure, including waterworks, a sewage system, and an electric light plant. By 1921, Kamsack’s population had exceeded 2,000.Like many other communities, Kamsack faced challenges during the Great Depression, with its population dropping to 1,800. However, the town weathered the downturn better than many others. In the summer of 1944, Kamsack was struck by a tornado known as the 'Kamsack Cyclone,' which devastated 400 homes and 100 businesses, causing over $2 million in damage. The post-war period marked a significant building boom in the town's history, with veterans returning from World War II contributing to the rebuilding efforts.This period of growth included the expansion of business, public, and residential areas, with extended water and sewer systems, paved streets, and cement sidewalks. The boom continued until 1961, when Kamsack’s population reached 2,941. In the 1970s, the town’s business district continued to expand with the arrival of the Royal Bank, the construction of the 'Kamplex' (a dual-purpose hockey and curling rink), and the beginning of construction on a new hospital.According to the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Kamsack had a population of 1,779 living in 792 of its 903 total private dwellings, marking a 6.3% decrease from its 2016 population of 1,898. With a land area of 5.67 km² (2.19 sq mi), Kamsack had a population density of 313.8/km² (812.6/sq mi) in 2021.

The Doukhobor Dugout House, constructed in 1899 by Russian Doukhobor immigrants, is a rare and significant example of the temporary shelters built by settlers of various ethnic backgrounds upon their arrival on the Canadian Prairies. Located near Blaine Lake, Saskatchewan, on the Cheveldayoff family homestead along a bend of the North Saskatchewan River, this dugout house is the only known surviving structure of its kind in Canada. It serves as a poignant reminder of the hardships faced by early settlers in a largely treeless landscape and the practical solutions they adopted for survival. For the first five years, around 300 Doukhobors lived in these dugouts, with one shelter housing nine families in an area of about 436 square feet. During the winter, five babies were born, one of whom is buried at the top of the hill to the north. With no money and limited resources, these vegetarian pacifists were determined to survive; while the men worked on the railroads during the summer, the women hitched themselves to plows to prepare land for gardens. The site is part of a broader landscape of farm buildings and archaeological remains that tell the story of Doukhobor communities' evolution on the Prairies. After the families moved to the nearby village of Oospenie, the dugout was repurposed for various uses, including as a root cellar. Artifacts found within the house, such as an oven door, a button, pottery, and an old shoe, serve as tangible memories of life during those early years from 1899 to 1904. In the summer of 2004, the University of Saskatchewan’s Department of Archaeology, led by graduate student Meagan Brooks, conducted an archaeological investigation of the site. With extensive community involvement, the project established a baseline for archaeological units, cleared underbrush, removed surface artifacts, and trained volunteers in excavation techniques. The outcome of this investigation was Meagan Brooks’ Master’s thesis, 'Public Archaeology With a Doukhobor Descendant Community', which successfully preserved a vital part of Doukhobor history. The significance of the Doukhobor Dugout House has been recognized at both the provincial and national levels. In the spring of 2005, the site was designated as a Provincial Heritage Property. Later, in late August 2008, it was officially recognized as a National Historic Site of Canada by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada (HSMBC). A commemorative plaque highlighting the importance of the dugout house was unveiled during a ceremony in July 2013. Visitors to the Doukhobor Dugout House can explore this historic site and learn more about Doukhobor culture and the broader history of early settlers in Canada.

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