The Office of the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Moldova, known as 'Procuratura Generală a Republicii Moldova' in Romanian, is a governmental entity within Moldova's judicial framework. Its primary role is to uphold and advance the principles of the rule of law, justice, and the safeguarding of individual and societal rights and interests throughout criminal and legal proceedings.
The origins of the prosecutor's office in Bessarabia, then under the Russian Empire, can be traced back to 23 July 1812. At that time, authorities established the groundwork for its operations. Subsequent developments led to the appointment of a prosecutor within the provincial government in May 1818. County prosecutors were subsequently established, gaining presence in various districts, and their roles were formalized through approval by civil servants. The Bessarabian region housed a regional prosecutor's office until 1859, when the Chisinau district court was established, giving rise to prosecutors at district courts and the Court of Appeal. Following the events of the October Revolution and the dissolution of the Russian Empire, the Moldavian Democratic Republic emerged on the territory of the right-bank portion of the Bessarabian province. However, this entity's existence was short-lived, lasting less than a year before becoming part of the Kingdom of Romania. Under King Ferdinand I's decree on 6 October 1918, prosecutor supervision was conducted by the prosecutor's office under the guidance of the Minister of Justice, who held the title of General Prosecutor. Subsequent to the establishment of Soviet authority in Moldova on 2 August 1940, six district prosecutor's offices were established in key cities: Balti, Bender, Cahul, Chisinau, Orhei, and Soroca. The framework for the establishment and jurisdiction of the prosecutor's office was defined according to a regulation set on 17 December 1933. Following a decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on 22 June 1941, Moldovan prosecutors either joined the Red Army or continued overseeing public order, labor discipline, and the rights and interests of the military and their families. In the post-war period, the prosecutor's office concentrated on enhancing the rule of law across various domains. In October 1947, the original district prosecutor's offices were dissolved, with all city and district prosecutors coming under the direct authority of the prosecutor's office of the Moldavian SSR. The role and influence of the prosecutor's office were significantly bolstered with the adoption of the Constitution of the USSR (1977) and the Constitution of the Moldavian SSR (1978). The contemporary Office of the Prosecutor General was formally established through legislation enacted on 26 January 1992.
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