Data Point related to: CITY/TOWN
Cumberland House (Swampy Cree: Wāskahikanihk) is a community in Census Division No. 18 in northeast Saskatchewan, Canada, located on the Saskatchewan River. As Saskatchewan's oldest community, it has a population of around 2,000. Nearby, Cumberland House Provincial Park offers tours of an 1890s powder house built by the Hudson's Bay Company.
Situated on Cumberland Island, the community includes the Northern Village of Cumberland House (population 772) and the adjoining Cumberland House Cree Nation (population 715). It is accessible via Cumberland House Airport and Highway 123. The population is primarily First Nations, including Cree and Métis, and Cumberland House is a Cree 'n' dialect community known as 'Wāskahikanihk.'
In March 2013, the Cumberland House Cree Nation had a registered population of 1,387, with 814 members living on-reserve or crown land and 573 off-reserve. The First Nation's territory spans five locations and is governed by a Chief and four councillors. It is part of the Prince Albert Grand Council. Established in 1774, Cumberland House became a significant fur trade depot in Canada, connecting east to Lake Winnipeg, Montreal, and Hudson Bay; west to the Rocky Mountains and Oregon Country; and north to the Churchill River and Athabasca Country. Initially, traders faced challenges with the inland location and canoe construction but eventually became proficient in navigating the area.
Cumberland House functioned as a depot for eastbound furs and westbound trade goods, as well as pemmican for voyageurs traveling to Lake Athabasca. Located in the forest belt, pemmican was transported downriver from the prairies or upriver from Lake Winnipeg. The journey from the Hudson's Bay Company base at York Factory took about 40 days paddling, compared to nearly five months from the Montreal competitor base. The community is situated on a strip of land between the Saskatchewan River and Cumberland Lake, which drains into the river nearby. Today, the strip has widened due to changes in the lake level.
The first European visitors were likely coureurs des bois, though records are scarce. Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye is the first known European to visit in spring 1749. In 1772, fur trader Joseph Frobisher established a temporary post on Cumberland Lake. Samuel Hearne founded the permanent Hudson's Bay Company post in 1774, marking the first inland post under the company's inland policy. Shortly after, the Frobishers and Alexander Henry the elder joined. From 1778 to 1804, Cumberland House served as the administrative center for western posts. In 1793, the North West Company built a competing post nearby, prompting the Hudson's Bay Company to relocate across from it. The two were merged in 1821, with about 30 men and a similar number of women and children at the time. The post declined around 1830 but saw some revival with the introduction of steamboats in 1874. By 1980, the powder magazine and the Hudson's Bay Company manager's house remained.
On June 24, 2005, residents were evacuated to Prince Albert due to flooding from the Saskatchewan River caused by record-breaking rainfall in Alberta.
On May 24, 2024, the community declared a state of emergency after heavy rains washed out the only road linking it to the outside world.
In the 2021 Census, Cumberland House had a population of 540 living in 192 of its 241 dwellings, a 31.7% decrease from 2016's population of 791. With a land area of 16.11 km² (6.22 sq mi), the population density was 33.5/km² (86.8/sq mi) in 2021.
Type of Data Point - Basic Data Point - Source Wikipedia
Cumberland House, Saskatchewan - Wikipedia
Visit page of City/Town - Cumberland House
Inserted: 29-08-2024 19:08:10
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