What do we know about the Tartu Peace Treaty and the Setomaa region in Estonia?

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The freedom monument of the Pechory county was drafted by Roman Haavamägi, an Estonian sculptor, in the 1930's. It was planned to be opened in the town of Pechory (now in Russia) in 1940, but the Soviet occupation put a stop to the plan. 80 years later, in 2020, the monument was finally erected in Setomaa. The monument is mostly based on Haavamägi's original design. The main part of the monument is made up of a 5-meter pedestal with a statue of a soldier. The statue of a soldier is modelled and carved by the Estonian sculptur Tiiu Kirsipuu. The monument is constructed by Kivikuvand LLC. The War of Independence (1918-1920) and the resulting Tartu Peace Treaty (1920) had a huge impact on Setomaa and the Seto people. Before 1920, the settlement area of Setos had belonged to Russia for about 1000 years. Based on the peace treaty, the settlement area of Setos became part of the newly founded Estonian Republic. It was a region of mixed population with Setos making up about 25%, Russians about 64% and Estonians about 10% of the population. With about 60,000 inhabitants, the area that was now renamed as Pechory County, became one of the most densely inhabited areas of the Estonian Republic. Up until then, the Setos had been living as quite a closed community, maintaining a somewhat medieval lifestyle. They had their own language, songs and traditions. Education was only provided for boys and only in the Russian language. The people were predominantly illiterate. After joining the Estonian Republic, a new era began in Setomaa. Administrative and land reforms were carried out and Setos were given surnames. All children were sent to school and the literacy rate increased rapidly for children and adults. The period also had an impact on the monastery of Pechory: due to being part of Estonia, the prayers never stopped in the monastery. The freedom monument is a memorial for those 350 men who fell on the territory of Pechory County during the Estonian War of Independence, and a sacrament celebrating the importance of the Tartu Peace Treaty for the Seto people.

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