2002 - Data Points by Date/Period

Penfolds, established in Adelaide in 1844 by Christopher Rawson Penfold, an English physician who migrated to Australia with his wife Mary Penfold, stands as one of the oldest Australian wine producers. Presently, it operates under the umbrella of Treasury Wine Estates. Peter Gago has held the position of chief winemaker since 2002, contributing significantly to the brand's legacy.History of Penfolds WineriesThe text chronicles the establishment and growth of Penfolds, beginning with the arrival of Christopher and Mary Penfold in Australia in 1844. Christopher, an English physician, believed in the medicinal benefits of wine and, with Mary, set out to create wine tonics for treating anaemia. They cultivated vineyards at the Magill Estate and expanded production, offering various wines beyond fortified ones like sherry and port. After Christopher's death in 1870, Mary took over and expanded the business, engaging in experimentation and new production methods. Mary retired in 1884, leaving the business to her daughter and son-in-law, who continued its success. In the early 20th century, Penfolds grew, acquiring more vineyards. The company's focus shifted to table wines in the 1940s, leading to the creation of iconic wines like 'Grange' by chief winemaker Max Schubert. Ownership changes occurred over the years, with control passing through various companies, including Tooth and Co. and SA Brewing, before ultimately becoming part of Foster's Group and later Treasury Wine Estates (TWE). Penfolds presently operates two wineries: Magill Estate and Nuriootpa. The narrative culminates in 2012 with Penfolds releasing a limited edition '2004 Block 42' wine in glass ampoules, touted as one of the most expensive wines sold directly from a winery.Penfolds manages several vineyards across South Australia, each specializing in various grape varieties: In Adelaide: - Magill Estate spans 5.34 hectares (13.2 acres) and focuses on shiraz. In Barossa Valley: - Kalimna, a property covering 290 hectares (720 acres) with 153 hectares (380 acres) under vine, cultivates shiraz, cabernet sauvignon, mataro (mourvèdre), and includes eight rows of sangiovese. - Koonunga Hill spans 93 hectares (230 acres) and specializes in shiraz and cabernet sauvignon. - Waltons covers 317 hectares (780 acres) with 130 hectares (320 acres) planted, cultivating shiraz, cabernet sauvignon, and mataro (mourvèdre). - Stonewell, spanning 33 hectares (82 acres), focuses on shiraz and cabernet sauvignon. In Eden Valley: - Woodbury encompasses 69.56 hectares (171.9 acres). In McLaren Vale: - Spread across four vineyards, approximately 141 hectares (350 acres) are dedicated to shiraz, grenache, and cabernet sauvignon. In Coonawarra: - Close to 50 hectares (120 acres) mainly specialize in cabernet sauvignon and shiraz.

Sigulda Castle, also referred to as Sigulda New Castle (Siguldas jaunā pils in Latvian), was constructed in 1878, showcasing the neo-Gothic architectural style. Originally intended as the residence for the Kropotkin family, owners of the manor, its ownership and purpose underwent multiple alterations over time. Since 1993, the Sigulda Region Council has been situated within the castle's premises.The Sigulda manor's focal point, evolving from the Sigulda Medieval Castle's fore-castle during the 17th century, boasts 18th and 19th-century structures linked to the Von Borghs and Kropotkins. Notable among these are the Summer Castle, New Castle, White Castle, vagar's house, servants' quarters, a barn, laundry, and a fruit and vegetable cellar. Enclosed by rugged boulder walls and a grand gate structure, this central area retains historical charm. The New Castle, constructed between 1878 and 1881 during Duchess Olga and Duke Dimitry Kropotkins' tenure, reused materials from a 17th-century predecessor. Built in neo-Gothic style by Jānis Mengelis, its architectural value lies in Gothic elements and the hues of repurposed boulders. The panoramic view from its windows encompasses the Gauja River valley, Sigulda castle ruins, Krimulda, and Turaida. Following World War I, the castle was destroyed, later becoming the Writers’ Castle in 1922, hosting literary figures and undergoing substantial restoration. In 1934, the Latvian Press Society acquired the castle, initiating significant reconstruction led by architect August Birkhans in 1936–1937. The tower was heightened, the terrace expanded, and modern interior design introduced, shaping it into a prominent example of national modern design in the Baltic region. The monument of Atis Kronvalds was unveiled in 1938. Post-war, it served various purposes, including housing for high state officials and a rehabilitation center until Latvian independence restoration. From 1993 to 2002, it housed the Sigulda City Council, transitioning to the Sigulda District Council from 2003 onwards. The adjacent Summer Castle, fashioned in classicism style, initially served as an orthodox church before being remodeled for various uses. Additionally, the former brewery was transformed into an art gallery within the Sigulda manor.

Rabac, also known as Porto Albona in Italian, sits as a Croatian resort nestled along the picturesque Kvarner Bay, a stone's throw away from Labin in Istria. Once a modest fishing port, Rabac transformed in the 1970s, blossoming into a vibrant resort town adorned with a plethora of villas and apartment complexes. Adding to its allure, the annual Rabac Festival, a celebration of electronic music, has been a cherished tradition for numerous years, drawing in a crowd of 3000 attendees back in 2002.Before the close of the 19th century, Rabac existed as a quaint fishing village. In 1876, the British explorer Richard Francis Burton paid a visit to this village and included it in his book 'The Seaboard of Istria.' During that period, the Prohaska family constructed the initial summer mansion, though it met destruction during World War II. Following this, Rabac welcomed its inaugural hotel, the Quarnaro, inaugurated on June 11, 1889.

Nanji Park (난지 한강공원) is situated in Sangam-dong, Mapo District, spanning from Nanjicheon Bridge to Hongjecheon Bridge. Covering an area of 776,000m2 and extending 4.02 km, this park was one of the five World Cup parks established in honor of the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Its development involved repurposing the former Najido Garbage center, which once served as a landfill site along the Han River. As part of the Hangang Renaissance project, the park underwent extensive reconstruction, featuring an amusement park, a central connecting bridge to the sky park, and a complex connection passage.

The Church of Saints Mina, Victor, and Vicentie in Galati is located at Str. Tecuci, no. 202. Construction of this parish church began in 1994 and continued until 2002, with the painting works still underway at that stage.

The Grigore Moisil National College of Computer Science is a secondary school situated in Brașov, Romania. It is named after the esteemed academician Grigore Moisil, often regarded as the pioneer of computer sciences in Romania. Historical Background The school's origins trace back to the year 1938. From the initial completion of a section of the building in 1938, this establishment has housed five distinct institutions over time: Primary Schools 3 and 11, and subsequently, Secondary Schools 2, 6, and 4. Upon the addition of a second building in 1960, the school's name was altered to 'General Culture High School number 4.' In the academic year 1972, a pioneering curriculum was introduced, and concurrently, the school was rebranded as the 'High School for Automatic Data Processing,' with a specific focus on computer science. Between 1973 and 1977, as well as from 1990 to 2002, the institution adopted the appellation of the 'Computer Science High School' (in Romanian: 'Liceul de Informatică'), while spanning the years 1977 to 1990, it was identified as the 'Mathematics – Physics High School number 1' (in Romanian: 'Liceul de Matematică – Fizică nr. 1'). In the year 2002, the school adopted its present designation as the 'Grigore Moisil Computer Science National College.'.

Ciuflea Monastery (Romanian: Mănăstirea Ciuflea) is an Orthodox monastery located in Chișinău, Moldova, dedicated to Saint Theodore of Amasea. Financed by Anastasie Ciufli (1801 - 1870) to fulfill the last wish of his brother Teodor Ciufli (1796 - 1854), both Aromanian merchants who migrated from Macedonia to Bessarabia in 1821. Anastasie initiated the construction of the church for his brother in 1854, and it was consecrated on June 6, 1858, with Teodor's remains placed in the south wing. Anastasie was also laid to rest beside his brother after his death, 11 years later. During 1962, several churches in the Moldavian SSR were closed or repurposed, and the Nativity Cathedral, Chișinău's main church, suffered a similar fate by being converted into an exhibition building. Consequently, the Moldova Church's headquarters relocated to the Ciuflea Monastery, which was granted cathedral status and renamed in honor of its benefactor. In 2002, about a decade after the Soviet Union's dissolution, it officially became a monastery.

The Old Skeena Bridge was officially opened in July 1925, replacing the Ferry Island ferry service to Thornhill Creek. It played a crucial role in connecting Terrace to Prince Rupert with the opening of the Skeena River Highway in 1944. During the construction of the rail line to Kitimat in the early 1950s, the bridge underwent modifications, with new pilings installed for a higher bridge deck, and the original pilings used for a new rail bridge. Currently, the Old Skeena Bridge coexists with the Dudley Little Bridges (New Skeena Bridges), constructed around 1975, which serve as a bypass route for Highway 16 around downtown Terrace. The Old Skeena Bridge was once known for being the largest curved wooden-plank bridge in North America until its decking was replaced with metal grate decking in 2002 for safety and maintenance reasons. A concrete-surfaced pedestrian section was also added at that time to enable bicycle and pedestrian use of the bridge. Today, the Old Skeena Bridge is designated as a national historic site.

The Varna Observatory, officially known as the National Astronomical Observatory and Planetarium Nicola Copernicus, is located in Varna, Bulgaria. It has a rich history dating back to the 1960s when a group of enthusiasts from Varna founded the Astronautics and Astronomy Club. This club played a significant role in proposing and establishing the observatory. The observatory was officially opened on May 22, 1968, and became the first astronomical complex in Bulgaria. It consists of an observatory, a planetarium, and a tower housing a Foucault pendulum. The construction of the observatory was supported by the municipality of Varna and a committee led by the then mayor, Nikolay Boyadzhiev. Initially equipped with several small telescopes, including an 80/1200 mm refractor telescope and a 150/2250 mm Cassegrain telescope, the observatory expanded its facilities over time. It included a 100/250 mm NAFA camera for photographing the International Space Station (ISS) and portable refractor telescopes for mass observations. The observatory's planetarium, known as the Star Hall, featured a ZKP/Zeiss Kleinplanetarium projection apparatus, capable of projecting 5,500 stars onto a hemispherical dome. In 1971, a subsidiary astronomical observatory was established in the village of Avren, approximately 35 kilometers from Varna. This observatory housed a building, a tower with a 5.2-meter dome, and a 50/890 cm Cassegrain system telescope. It also had observation decks for meteors and various telescopes and cameras for capturing celestial phenomena. The Varna Observatory has been actively involved in astronomical research and observations. It has contributed to studies on celestial objects and phenomena, collaborating with other observatories in Bulgaria such as the National Observatory 'Rozhen' and the observatory in Belogradchik. The observatory has also played a vital role in educational and methodical work, conducting lectures and training courses for teachers and students in subjects such as astronomy, physics, geography, and natural science. The observatory has organized various events to promote astronomy, including the National Youth Astronomy Conference and the Astronomy Week. These gatherings have brought together specialists, amateur astronomers, and students to share their work and discoveries. The Varna Observatory has published research results in national and international journals and has contributed to the field of comet and meteor observations. Furthermore, the observatory has made significant efforts to popularize astronomy among citizens. It conducts special lectures in the Star Hall of the Planetarium, publishes articles, and participates in media interviews. In 2002, the reconstructed building of the observatory was inaugurated by the Prime Minister of Bulgaria at the time, Simeon of Saxe-Coburg. The observatory has gained international recognition and hosted the International Meteor Conference in September 2004, which brought together scientists studying meteor showers from around the world.

Mahmudia is a commune in Tulcea County , Dobrogea , Romania , consisting only of the village of residence with the same name. According to the census carried out in 2011, the population of Mahmudia commune amounts to 2,341 inhabitants, down from the previous census of 2002, when 2,795 inhabitants were registered. Most of the inhabitants are Romanians (80.44%), with a minority of Lipovian Russians (14.82%). For 2.95% of the population, ethnicity is unknown. From a confessional point of view, the majority of the inhabitants are Orthodox (83.34%), with a minority of Old Rite Orthodox (12%). For 3.03% of the population, the religious affiliation is unknown. Mahmudia commune is administered by a mayor and a local council composed of 11 councilors.

2002 (47)

Other Dates/Periods

12-09-2023

08-12-1938

1919

01-01-1945

17-12-2022

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