1990 - Data Points by Date/Period

The Ohel Leah Synagogue is a Modern Orthodox Jewish synagogue located at the intersection of Robinson Road and Castle Road in the Mid-Levels area of Hong Kong Island. Established in 1902, it has served as a central hub for Jewish social and religious life in Hong Kong.Originally catering to a community of Baghdadi Sephardic Jews, the synagogue operated under the supervision of the Haham of the Spanish and Portuguese Congregation of London. Today, it is an independent congregation with members from across the global Jewish diaspora.The synagogue, a striking example of British Colonial Edwardian architecture, stands amidst Hong Kong’s towering skyscrapers. Designed by architects Leigh & Orange, it was constructed between 1901 and 1902. The whitewashed, multi-turreted, two-story structure underwent a $6 million restoration in 1998, returning it to its original splendor.The name 'Ohel Leah' honors Leah Sassoon, mother of the Sassoon brothers—Jacob, Edward, and Meyer—who donated the land for the synagogue. The Sassoons were among the earliest Sephardic merchants from India to settle in Hong Kong in the late 19th century.In addition to Ohel Leah, Hong Kong is home to other Jewish congregations: the Sephardic congregation, primarily comprised of Israeli expatriates; Chabad Lubavitch; and the United Jewish Congregation, which aligns with Reform and Conservative Judaism. Many local Jews hold memberships in multiple congregations.Declared a Grade I historic building in 1987, Ohel Leah was briefly at risk of demolition. To safeguard its future, the Hong Kong Antiquities Authority designated it a proposed monument, leading to a preservation agreement between the government and its owners. It was reinstated as a Grade I historic building in 1990.In 1998, the synagogue’s renovation received international acclaim, earning the Outstanding Project Award at the 2000 UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards for Cultural Heritage Conservation. Ohel Leah continues to stand as a testament to the enduring legacy of Hong Kong’s Jewish community.

The Bank of China Tower (BOC Tower) is a prominent skyscraper located at 1 Garden Road, Central, Hong Kong Island. Serving as the headquarters of Bank of China (Hong Kong), it is one of the city’s most iconic buildings, renowned for its unique triangular framework and glass curtain wall design.Designed by Chinese-American architect I. M. Pei and L. C. Pei of I. M. Pei and Partners, the tower stands 315 meters (1,033.5 feet) tall, with a total height of 367.4 meters (1,205.4 feet) including its spire. At the time of its completion in 1990, it was the tallest building in Hong Kong and Asia, as well as the first skyscraper outside the United States to exceed 305 meters (1,000 feet). It held this title until 1992, when it was surpassed by Central Plaza.Construction began on 18 April 1985 on the site of the former Murray House and was completed in 1990 after five years of development. The building’s steel-column design provides structural support, and it is accessible from Central MTR station. A small observation deck on the 43rd floor, once open to the public, is now closed.The Bank of China Tower’s distinctive design, supported by four steel columns at its corners, utilizes triangular frameworks to transfer the building’s weight onto these columns. The glass curtain walls further define its aesthetic. Structural engineering was provided by Leslie E. Robertson, known for his work on the original World Trade Center, with mechanical, electrical, and plumbing work done by Jaros, Baum & Bolles.Though now an unmistakable part of Hong Kong’s skyline, the building faced controversy during its planning stages. Unlike most major Hong Kong buildings, it did not consult feng shui masters, which led to criticism from some practitioners. Its sharp edges and 'X' shapes, perceived as negative symbols, prompted modifications before construction. The building’s silhouette, resembling a meat cleaver, earned it the nickname 'vertical knife' in Cantonese.

The Clock Tower, officially named the Former Kowloon-Canton Railway Clock Tower (Chinese: 前九廣鐵路鐘樓), is a prominent landmark located on the southern shore of Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon. Often referred to as the Tsim Sha Tsui Clock Tower (尖沙咀鐘樓), it stands as the sole remnant of the former Kowloon Station on the Kowloon-Canton Railway.Constructed using red bricks and granite, the tower reaches a height of 44 meters and is capped with a 7-meter lightning rod. A wooden staircase inside leads to the top, though the interior is currently closed for maintenance. Situated near Victoria Harbour and the western end of Salisbury Road, it is close to another notable site, the Tsim Sha Tsui Ferry Pier.The Kowloon-Canton Railway project was initiated in 1904, with its Tsim Sha Tsui terminus designed by A. B. Hubback. The station’s construction began in 1913 and was delayed due to World War I. The Clock Tower was completed in 1915, and the full station opened in 1916.The Clock Tower’s bell was cast in 1919 in England by John Taylor & Co and installed in 1920. The clock reused a mechanism from the demolished Pedder Street Clock Tower, with all four clock faces operational by March 1921. The tower sustained damage during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong in World War II, and its chimes were silenced. The clock resumed operation in October 1945 after the liberation, but the bell chimes were discontinued in 1950 when separate motors were installed for each clock face.In 1975, Kowloon Station was relocated to Hung Hom, and the original station was demolished in 1977 despite protests. However, the Clock Tower was preserved as a compromise and became a declared monument in 1990. It is now surrounded by the Hong Kong Space Museum, Hong Kong Museum of Art, and Hong Kong Cultural Centre.The Clock Tower’s bell, previously relocated to various sites, was finally returned in 2010. In December 2021, the tower resumed hourly chimes between 8 a.m. and midnight using a digital system synchronized with the Hong Kong Observatory’s web clock.The Clock Tower remains a cherished symbol of Hong Kong’s railway heritage and an enduring architectural icon.

Bonsecours Market (French: Marché Bonsecours) is a two-story domed public market located at 350 Rue Saint-Paul in Old Montreal, Quebec. Opened in 1847, it served as Montreal's main public market for over a century and briefly hosted the Parliament of United Canada in 1849. Named after the nearby Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours Chapel, the Neoclassical building was inspired by Dublin's Customs House and designed by British architect William Footner. Construction began in 1844, with major alterations by Irish-born architect George Browne completed in 1860.The market also housed Montreal City Hall from 1852 to 1878, including a 3,700-square-meter meeting room and a concert hall added by Browne. It continued as a farmer’s market until 1963, after which it was transformed into a multi-purpose space with cafés, restaurants, boutiques, and event halls.Designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1984, Bonsecours Market was commemorated by Canada Post in 1990 with a $5 stamp featuring its image. The stamp was designed by Raymond Bellemare and printed by the British American Bank Note Company and the Canadian Bank Note Company.

Macklin is a town in the Rural Municipality of Eye Hill No. 382, Saskatchewan, with a population of 1,247 as of the 2021 Canadian census. Located at the junction of Highways 14 and 31, Macklin is just 5 km (3.1 mi) east of the Alberta border and near one of Saskatchewan’s most productive oil and natural gas fields.The town is best known for hosting the annual Bunnock World Championship, which doubles its population during the event. Macklin Lake Regional Park, founded in 1962, is 1 km (0.62 mi) south of town along Macklin Lake and offers 164 campsites, a beach, a golf course, ball diamonds, hiking trails, a trout pond stocked with rainbow trout, and a playground.The Macklin Lakeview Golf Club, a 9-hole grass greens course, opened in 1990. It is a par 36 with a total of 3,067 yards, and the clubhouse includes a licensed lounge and rental services.Macklin's population decreased by 9.2% between 2016 and 2021, with 1,247 residents living in 498 of the town’s 551 private dwellings. The town covers a land area of 3.05 km² (1.18 sq mi), resulting in a population density of 408.9/km² (1,058.9/sq mi).

The Village of Theodore is situated about 40 km northwest of Yorkton, along the Yellowhead Highway #16, in Saskatchewan’s parkland region. From its early days, the community has been rooted in agriculture, focusing on grain, beef, and pork production. The first settlers, predominantly Danish, arrived from Scandinavia, Great Britain, Central Europe, and the USA. This area became known as 'Little Denmark.' These pioneers sought to acquire 160 acres of land for $10 under the Homestead Act, which required clearing 10 acres annually for three years to gain ownership.The first settlers, Sorn Peter Sorensen and Ole Frederickson, arrived in 1891, and later that year, Annie Catherina Sorensen, the first white child, was born in a temporary shelter. In 1892, Richard Seeman from London acquired a homestead near the present townsite. He later extended the rail line to Sheho in 1903, which encouraged the development of Theodore. The CPR (Canadian Pacific Railway) station, built in 1902, survived a 1956 train wreck and was later turned into a museum.The post office, named after Richard Seeman’s late father, Nicolaus Theodor Seemann, began service in 1893. By 1904, Theodore had grown into a self-sufficient community with post offices, blacksmith shops, general stores, and other businesses. While the population peaked at around 500 between 1950 and 1990, it has since stabilized at about 345.The village has a vibrant history of community organizations and remains home to active groups like the Recreation Board, Fire Brigade, and regional park authorities. Theodore also has a local newspaper, published for over 25 years, with subscribers across Canada and worldwide. Today, Theodore continues to thrive, honoring the legacy of its pioneers while remaining a close-knit and determined community.

The revered and magnificent Vatopedi Monastery (Greek: Βατοπέδι) stands as an Eastern Orthodox sanctuary atop Mount Athos in Greece. Throughout its history, this monastery underwent multiple expansions, notably flourishing during the Byzantine era and experiencing significant growth in the 18th and 19th centuries. Presently, over 120 monks call this sanctuary their home.Vatopedi Monastery emerged from an ancient Christian settlement with roots tracing back to Late Antiquity. In 2000, the Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities unearthed the remains of an early Christian basilica, situated north of Vatopedi's present-day katholikon. Established in the latter half of the 10th century by three monks—Athanasius, Nicholas, and Antonius—who hailed from Adrianople and were disciples of Athanasius the Athonite, Vatopedi thrived. By the late 15th century, the Russian pilgrim Isaiah noted the monastery's distinctly Greek character. Transitioning from an idiorrhythmic to a cenobitic monastery occurred in 1990, marking a pivotal change in Vatopedi's structure and practices.The Monastery of Vatopedi safeguards significant relics like the Cincture of the Theotokos, believed by some to be her actual belt, and the skull of St. John Chrysostom, credited with miraculous healings in Eastern Orthodox Christianity. It also houses the Iaspis, a chalice crafted from the precious stone jasper, and numerous revered icons. Additionally, the monastery's library houses the 13th-century Vatopedi Charter of Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria, a medieval royal document discovered in 1929. With 2,000 manuscripts and 35,000 printed books, the library includes notable manuscripts like Uncial 063, Uncial 0102, the Vatopedi Psalter in the British Library, and the early-14th century Codex Vatopedinus 655, which contains peripluses, extracts from Strabo and Ptolemy's works, and early maps, split between the British Library and the French Bibliothèque Nationale.

The Centre Square Mall, situated in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada, stands out as the largest shopping center in the territory and the tallest building in Northern Canada. Its initial phase opened in August 1990, with an expansion unveiled in January 1995 beneath the Yellowknife Inn. While being one of North America's northernmost malls, the Bentley Mall in Fairbanks, Alaska, lies 2 degrees further north. Center Square Mall is positioned 0.2 km (0.12 mi) south of YK Centre, Yellowknife's first mall, making it the second northernmost enclosed mall in Canada and the third in North America. This mall houses various shops, including Tim Hortons, government offices, the Workers' Safety and Compensation Commission, the Yellowknife Inn, Northern Heights condominium, Yellowknife Visitor Centre, and the Yellowknife Public Library. It serves as a hub for activities during Family Literacy Day, as reported in L'Aquilon, the local francophone newspaper.

Since 1949, the Library has been dedicated to serving residents and has been situated in its current spot on the second floor of the Centre Square Mall since October 1990. The library passionately caters to the educational and leisurely reading, viewing, and listening needs of its visitors. Boasting a diverse collection of nearly 70,000 items encompassing print, audiobooks, e-Books, music CDs, DVDs, and more, the library ensures a rich selection. It also provides online resources such as Overdrive, LinkedIn Learning, Hoopla, Rocket Languages, the NoveList readers' advisory service, and the Canadian Reference Centre. Alongside these resources, the library offers a welcoming environment for reading and studying. Its programs cater to Yellowknifers of all ages, ranging from babies to adults.

The preeminent ethnomuseum institution in Romania, the ASTRA Museum stands as the largest open-air museum in Europe. Nestled within the captivating landscape of the protected forest area of 'Dumbrava Sibiului,' this outdoor museum captivates visitors at every turn. Nature and culture seamlessly merge in this authentic Romanian village setting. Meandering through 10 kilometers of charming alleys, visitors encounter peasant households, handicraft workshops, wooden churches, wayside shrines, sheepfolds, and water and windmills. The well-preserved original interiors provide glimpses into simple country life, offering insights into age-old skills and demonstrating their relevance for the future.The ASTRA Museum, an extension of the Transylvanian Association for Romanian Literature and the Culture of the Romanian People (ASTRA), meticulously upholds the cultural heritage left by its visionary founders. Commencing over a century ago, the museum's inception was rooted in the aspiration to establish an ethnographic collection in Sibiu. Founded in 1861, ASTRA initially focused on promoting national industry through public exhibitions. The thematic design for the ethnographic exhibition emerged in 1905, and a Folk Art Section was established in 1956 to revive the concept of creating an expansive open-air ethnographic museum. In 1960, land in Dumbrava Sibiului was allocated, leading to the creation of the Museum of Folk Technology, which officially opened its doors in 1967 and gained acclaim nationally and internationally. Evolving over time, the museum has transformed into a comprehensive representation of traditional folk civilization, encompassing various facets of daily life. In 1990, it was bestowed with the name ASTRA, solidifying its direct connection to the original association. By 2001, the museum expanded its scope, becoming the ASTRA National Museum Complex, managing a rich array of tangible and intangible heritage, including the Open Air Museum and other collections, establishing itself as a prominent cultural institution.

1990 (56)

Other Dates/Periods

1302

1922 - 1924

1866

1821

15-09-1621

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