1948 - Data Points by Date/Period

The Altemberger House, currently the Museum of History in Sibiu, was originally acquired in 1545 by the city's Magistrate. It served as the Town Hall for four centuries until 1948. The structure consists of 10 architectural components, including an added defensive tower, creating one of the most remarkable assemblages of civic Gothic architecture in Romania and the South Eastern Europe. The oldest segment of this architectural complex is the residential tower, which was constructed in the late 13th century. In 2018, the building's inner courtyard was adorned with bronze busts portraying significant figures from national history, commemorating the Great Union Centennial. The rear courtyard, referred to as Martyrs’ Garden, houses various figurative sculptures, such as the finely executed male portraits adorning the loggia's four consoles, exhibiting a touch of Renaissance influence.

The Palace of Culture in Arad, Romania, is an early 20th-century architectural masterpiece that blends Classic Italian Renaissance, Romanian Baroque, and French Gothic styles. Its design draws inspiration from the Corvin Castle of Hunedoara. The palace's creation was driven by the Kölcsey Cultural Association, a Hungarian committee that operated in Arad from 1881 to 1948 and again in 1989. This association played a significant role in preserving Arad's culture and history, including relics from the 1848 Revolution and War of Independence. The Kölcsey Association also curated a substantial library and supported local writers. Their vision led to the construction of a multipurpose building – the Palace of Culture – to house a library, museum, art gallery, and concert hall. This endeavor reflected the desire to preserve the city's rich history and culture, particularly during a time when Arad was flourishing as a prominent Romanian city.

The Belvárosi Bridge in Szeged, Hungary, serves as the primary connection between Újszeged and other parts of the city, spanning the river Tisza. Until the Bertalan Bridge was completed in 1979, it was the sole river crossing in the County. Annually, the Hídivásár (Bridgemarket) attracts numerous visitors in May. The bridge links Roosevelt Square in Szeged with the Móra Ferenc Múzeum and Torontál Square in Újszeged with the Erzsébet Park. Following the significant restoration efforts following the Great Flood of Szeged in 1879, construction began in December 1880, under the plans of Gustave Eiffel and János Feketeházy. The bridge was completed on September 23, 1883. During World War II, the bridge suffered severe damage during an air attack by the Allies on September 3, 1944, and was further exploded by German soldiers retreating from Soviet troops on October 9 of the same year. Post-war wreckage removal began in 1946, followed by a two-year reconstruction guided by the plans of Győző Mihailich and Róbert Folly. The restored bridge reopened in 1948. From 1909 to 1944 and 1949 to 1979, Tram line 5 operated on the bridge, and it was later succeeded by Trolleybus lines 5 and 7.

European Avenue, known as Europska avenija in Croatian, graces the cityscape of Osijek, Croatia. This thoroughfare stands as a paragon of beauty and significance within Osijek, distinguished by its captivating array of Secessionist edifices. Osijek holds a notable reputation for its Secessionist architectural marvels, a stylistic preference that once swept across the expanse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The splendid parade of palatial structures along European Avenue, predominantly repurposed as offices and local administrative hubs today, was erected during the early 20th century, echoing the design ethos of the famed 'Viennese secession.' Notably, the grandest among these edifices, the Postanska palača, bears the hallmark of 'the Hungarian secession' style. Alongside these stand various neoclassical buildings hailing from the 19th century, including the Municipal Court of Osijek. In the pantheon of residences adorning this boulevard, none beckons visitors more fervently than the Museum of Fine Arts. Within its walls resides an opulent collection of paintings and sculptures that eloquently portray the essence of the region. Among these treasures, noteworthy are the portraiture of Slavonian noble dynasties from the 18th and 19th centuries, as well as the romantically imbued landscapes depicting Slavonia and Baranja. Additionally, the oeuvres of Hugo Conrad Von Hötzendorff and Adolf Waldinger, luminaries responsible for establishing Osijek's artistic foundation, further enrich the museum's offerings.Timeline: By the end of the 19th century this street was extension of Kapucinska Street, with only few buildings on southern side of street. In 1894, the Palace of Croatian Chamber of Economy was built in the historicist style. In 1897, the Neumann building, today the home of Gallery of Fine Arts was built in the Italian renaissance style. From 1904 to 1906, on northern side of street were built a string of secession buildings. At this time the street was called Chavrakova Street (Croatian: Chavrakova ulica). In 1919, the street was renamed to Aleksandrova Street (Croatian: Aleksandrova ulica). It was called after then Yugoslav king Alexander. In 1941, the street was renamed to Ante Starčević Street (Croatian: Ulica Ante Starčevića). It was called after Croatian politician Ante Starčević. In 1946, the street was renamed to Boulevard of generalissimo Stalin (Croatian: Bulevar generalissimusa Staljina). It was called after Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin. In 1948, the street was renamed to Boulevard of Yugoslav People's Army (Croatian: Bulevar Jugoslavenske narodne armije). It was called after Yugoslav People's Army. In 1993, the street was renamed to European Avenue. In 2017, a number of the facade of many of the buildings were renovated, including the Municipal Court, partially by EU funds.

The Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art (MMSU) in Rijeka, Croatia, was founded in 1948 as the Gallery of Fine Art and later evolved under different names. Initially housed in the

Spiru Haret Dobrujan College, also known as Colegiul Dobrogean Spiru Haret, is a prestigious high school situated at 14 Noiembrie Street, nr. 22 in Tulcea, Romania. The school's history can be traced back to 1883 when it was originally established as a real gymnasium exclusively for boys. However, due to an economic crisis in 1885, it temporarily closed down. In 1890, it reopened with three grades, later expanding to four. By 1897, it transformed into a high school with the addition of a fifth grade, further growing to seven grades in 1899. Education Minister Spiru Haret approved the construction of the school's first dedicated building in 1902, which served as the only high school in Northern Dobruja at the time. The following year, it was named after Prince Carol, the heir to the throne. Notably, the region's first student publication emerged from this school in 1906, and its library, established in 1916, became the first public library in Tulcea. During World War I, the school temporarily shut down under Bulgarian occupation in 1916 but reopened in 1918 after the war ended. In 1923, a bust of Spiru Haret was unveiled near the school premises. The north wing of the building was constructed between 1925 and 1926, providing ten classrooms with modern facilities, electric lighting, and proper furniture. Additionally, the schoolyard was paved and surrounded by a stone fence. Over the years, several improvements were made, including the addition of teacher's rooms, a reception area, basement, and attic by 1927. The school's name changed in 1941, dropping the reference to Prince Carol after he abdicated as king in 1940. With the onset of the communist regime in 1948, the girls’ high school merged with the boys’, transforming the institution into a co-educational one. In 1971, another wing was built, featuring ten classrooms and three science laboratories. During the same period, the school was officially named after Spiru Haret. Workshops and a museum were established in 1973, further enriching the educational environment. The school's current name, Spiru Haret Dobrujan College, was adopted in 1996. The historic school building has been recognized as a monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs. The construction date of the building is noted as 1925–1930. The bust of Spiru Haret, situated nearby, is also listed as a historical monument.

The Constanța Casino, known as Cazinoul din Constanța in Romanian, is a former casino located in Constanța, Romania. Recognized as a historic monument by the Romanian Ministry of Culture and National Patrimony, the casino is situated on the seafront of Constanța along the Black Sea, in the historic Peninsulă District. The casino has seen several iterations, with the first structure, made of wood, being constructed in 1880. The current building, considered a symbol of Constanța, was built in the Art Nouveau style based on the designs of Daniel Renard. It was inaugurated in August 1910. Throughout its history, the casino operated as a gambling venue for 38 years, although its operations were interrupted by the two World Wars. It suffered damage during World War I, being attacked and bombed by Bulgarian and German troops, and was further ravaged in World War II. At one point, it served as a makeshift wartime hospital. In 1948, the building was converted into a community center, and later, in 1960, it was transformed into a restaurant. The last major renovations took place between 1986 and 1988. However, the casino has remained closed since 1990 due to high operational costs. Efforts have been made to rehabilitate the building, including attempts by Constanța City Hall in 2006. In 2007, it was leased to an Israeli company, but the building suffered further damage during their tenure. In 2018, the casino was listed as one of the 7 most endangered sites in Europe. The edifice was transferred to the administration of the National Investment Company in 2014, with plans for rehabilitation work. However, the project faced setbacks due to disqualification of participating companies and subsequent litigation. In January 2020, restoration work finally began after the Ministry of Development issued the order to proceed. The investment for the restoration is estimated to take 30 months, with completion expected in 2024. The casino has been the subject of long-standing efforts to preserve and restore its historical significance.

Chișinău City Hall (Romanian: Primăria municipiului Chișinău) is a historical and architectural monument built in Italian Gothic style located in Central Chișinău, Moldova. Originally constructed to house the city Duma in 1901, the building was nearly destroyed during World War II. It was rebuilt in the postwar period based on surviving images and construction plans. At the end of the 19th century, the mayor of the city, Carol Schmidt, proposed the construction of a new seat for the city council, on the site occupied by the fire station. The design was entrusted to Mitrofan Elladi, the then city architect. Alexander Bernardazzi was invited to help him. The architecture of the building is eclectic in spirit based on Italian Renaissance architecture. The construction of the Duma headquarters was finished in 1902. In 1941, during the withdrawal of the Soviets, the local council, as the town hall was then called, was blown up. The building was restored in 1944 by the Romanian administration. It was destroyed again, in August of that year, during the Soviet aerial bombardment. After the war, the building required a serious restoration, and this was done by the architect Robert Kurtz, in the period 1946-1948. He was inspired by the preserved photographs, to restore the facade as close as possible to the original version. In 1951, the administration returned to the building, thus being put into operation.

The Clock Tower was built in the 17th century at a very carefully chosen location in the center of the town within the Old Bazaar. Its appearance talks about the rank and political and economic power of the town. The first tower, probably shorter, struck the time with bells. It was located at Pekmez Bazaar (place where honey, marmalade and ice was sold) and was surrounded by buildings and many small stores. Ishak Cheleby Mosque, Yeni Mosque and the early church of St. Dimitria were very near the Tower in the 'heart' of the Bazaar. For almost seventy years this Clock 'sings' at every sixth hour and the songs used to change according to the establishment of the town. Among the six songs the most popular are: 'Biljana platno beleshe', 'Bitola. Babam Bitola' and Mozart's 'Evening Serenade'. It is mentioned for the first time in 1639 and changed and enlarged in the 18th/19th century.The Tower is built of stone, it is 32 m high and today there are ground floor and 4 floors above.By the second floor (probably the height of the early tower) there are spiral stone stairs with 97 steps and then wooden ones which lead to the place with the clock mechanism and about 15 smaller or larger bells of 900kg, which are part of the sound mechanism.The clock showed the time by 'a la turca' until 1912 and by 'a la franga' (European) until 1924-1927In 1924-27 the Clock got its first mechanism from France which in 1936 was taken out and in 1948 was put into the Clock Tower of the Monopoly and it still works today.In 1936 a new sound and watch mechanism of German brand 'Edward Korphage and Sons' was installed in the Clock as a gratitude for renounced land where Charnel House of dead German soldiers during the First World War was erected.The Clock 'sings' at 6am, 12am, 6pm, 12pm using six songs randomly.

The Old Theater 'Anton Panov' is a distinguished cultural heritage site in the city of Strumica, Macedonia. Constructed from autumn 1948 to May 1949, the building was a collective endeavor, relying on the voluntary labor of the local community. Its construction was grand in scale, featuring a ground floor and a first floor, with the entrance situated on the northern side. In 1969, a reconstruction effort took place, led by artist Aleksandar Jankulovski and sculptor Naso Bećarov, resulting in the revitalization of the interior. The ground floor comprised an entrance foyer, a ticket office, and a staircase leading to the upper floor. The auditorium boasted 460 seats, accompanied by two side boxes. Adjacent to the stage, there were workshops, dressing rooms, and other auxiliary spaces. The interior showcased an ornate display of mosaics and intricate copper embellishments. Following a devastating fire, the building was reduced to ruins. However, in 2012, an ambitious project commenced to meticulously restore the structure to its original form.

1948 (36)

Other Dates/Periods

1485

1617

1015

1402

1941

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