1933 - Data Points by Date/Period

Grabovë e Sipërme (also: Grabova; Aromanian: Greãva, Grabuva) is a village in Albania inhabited by Aromanians. The village is located in the former municipality of Lenie. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Gramsh. Grabova was a medieval town created in the 10th century. Aromanians have left Grabova on several occasions, although the village has never been completely deserted. The first wave of depopulation took place in the 17th century, when Grabova shared the fate of Moscopolis and during the inter-war period, starting with 1931, many of Grabovars emigrated to Elbasan and Lushnjë. In 1933, 15 families from the village emigrated to Romania; they initially settled in Southern Dobruja and then, in 1940, in the village of Nisipari, Constanța County, from where they moved to the larger nearby towns (Medgidia, Ovidiu, Constanta). Another important immigration began in 1950, when communist authorities used the craftsmen from Grabova to build the industrial units in Korçë, Pogradec, Gramsh, Elbasan, and Tirana. In the 18th century the Grabovë Church was built in the village.

Dating back to the 1770s, the Coach and Horses is thought to be one of the first properties to be built in Bruton Street. Standing as a handsome establishment steeped in history among its more modern neighbours. The Coach and Horses' beautiful exterior stained glass windows marks this pub as one that is hard to miss. The pub was once connected at the first floor to another building. However, after its neighbour received considerable damage, the original building had to be pulled down. It was later rebuilt in 1933 for William Younger & Co. Behind this pub lies a mysterious, spooky story, which will chill the bones of even the most fearsome of people. In the eighteenth century, the story goes that a coach pulled along by four horses was being driven by a ghostly figure. Those who saw this ghostly ghoul told the tale that as the coach came closer to the building, They realised the driver was headless and the passengers of this supernatural coach were staring through the windows with their dreary skull-like faces. Bruton Street in London Mayfair has something Royal about itself, in fact is the birthplace of Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, born at 17 Bruton Street London, Great Britain, April 21, 1926.

This modest wooden house served as abode for the lieutenant colonel Vytautas Augustauskas in 1930-1944, who became the director of Kulautuva which was granted the status of a resort town in 1933. The progress of Kulautuva is owed to this person who held this office free of charge. On the initiative of Vytautas Augustauskas, a resort plan was prepared (designer Jonas Kova-Kovalskis), streets were planted with linden trees and white acacias, a pond was dug out, and a school was founded. Benches were placed in the park and President Antanas Smetona alley, and a number of entertainment venues were set up. A post office, two quays, photo shop, stores, police station, local power plant, bus station, etc. operated in the town at that time. Arranged like that and frequented by visitors the resort town could compete with Palanga and Birstonas. On weekends, a hussars orchestra used to play, and many sightseers would come over. This house was also used for headquarters of the Kulautuva Directorate with a lockup in the basement.

The Outdoor Exhibition of the Buyeo National Museum is composed of a rich collection of historical artifacts retrieved from Buyeo and the surrounding area. Among them it is worth mentioning the following:Capstone - Seongjusa Temple Site in Seongju-myeon, Boryeong, Unified Silla The capstone of a stele is referred to as isu, with 'i' meaning dragon and 'su' meaning head. This style of capstones established during Tang China influenced Korea to build tripartite memorial stones composed of the tortoise-shaped pedestal, body, and capstone directly after the unification of Silla. Unlike Korean examples in which the body and cap were separate pieces, the cap and body of Chinese stele comprise a single whole. The capstone discovered in the Seongjusa Temple Site, one of the nine major Zen-Buddhist Orders (Gusanseonmun), features engravings of hornless dragons encircling each other. Another distinguishing feature is a circular slab with the title inscription. A stele memorializing the monk Muyeom, who passed away in 888, remains in the Seongjusa Temple Site. The composition of its capstone and the round form of inscription tablet suggest that it is the work of a Buddhist master who entered the Seongjusa Temple during the Goryeo period.Pedestal - Seongjusa Temple Site in Seongju-myeon, Boryeong - Unified Silla Steles influenced by Tang China (Tang dynasty) feature pedestals in the shape of a tortoise known as 'guibu', literally meaning tortoise pedestal. Earlier examples, such as the pedestal for the stele for King Taejong Muyeol in Gyeongju, feature the head of a tortoise, but from the mid-ninth century they feature a dragon's head. The tortoise-shaped pedestal is believed to have been a single piece with the capstone found in the Seongjusa Temple Site in Boryeong. It has lost parts of its head and body, but the shape of the legs and the back are rather lifelike.Five-story Stone Pagoda of Dongsa-ri The stone pagoda originally stood in Dongsa-ri of Sedo-myeon, Buyeo-gu, but was relocated to Buyeo-eup in 1971. It was once again relocated to its current location in the Buyeo National Museum in 1993. This five-story pagoda stands on a two storied base, which is decorated with three elephant eye designs carved on all four sides. The upper tier of the base is topped with a pedestal decorated with a lotus design, with floral ornaments protruding from the corners. The pagoda's design is a typical style of the early Goryeo period.Stone Standing Buddha This stone statue of a standing Buddha was discovered in 1933 near a temple site known as Cheonwangsa Temple in Geumseongsan Mountain in Buyeo-eup, Buyeo-gun. This statue resembles a column with a large head, narrow shoulders and plump face and body, with few distinctive features. Such pillar-like Buddha statues were prevalent in the early Goryeo Dynasty in what is now Chungcheong-do and Jeolla-do provinces.Monument for Liu Renyuan of Tang China - BuyeoThis stone monument to the Tang General Liu Renyuan was originally situated at Busosan Mountain, but is now located at the Buyeo National Museum. The inscription on the monument contains a record of the achievements of the Chinese General Liu Renyuan. Unfortunately, the record of his life after the collapse of Baekje and the subsequent Baekje Restoration Movement was erased. Although the monument was built to praise the Tang General Liu Renyuan, it is regarded as a historically significant relic as its inscription contains important historic information about the tragedy of Baekje's last king, Uija, who was taken as a hostage to Tang China together with his crown prince and some 700 courtiers. The inscription also contains details about the rise and fall of the Baekje Restoration Movement, and the destruction of Baekje's capital after the collapse of the kingdom.Stele for the Construction of Bogwangsa Temple at Bongwangsa Temple Site - Buyeo This stone stele was erected to honor the life and achievements of State Preceptor Wonmyeong, who raised the status of Bogwangsa Temple to that of a major dharma center of Goryeo. The relic, which lacks its headstone and pedestal, was moved from its original location at the Bogwangsa Temple site to the Buyeo National Museum in 1963. The monument contains two inscriptions, one that was engraved on its front face in 1358, when it was originally built, and another that was engraved on its rear face in 1750, during the reign of King Yeongjo of the Joseon period. According to the inscription, State Preceptor Wonmyeong passed the state examination and became a Buddhist priest at the age of nineteen, and remained at Seonwonsa Temple until his death in 1351. Although Wonmyeong did not want his pupils to build a stele or pagoda honoring his life and achievements, he could not stop them from building this stele six years after his death. Also called Bogwangsa Jungchangbi, literally 'monument commemorating the renovation of Bogwangsa Temple,' this monument exhibits the simple style of steles of the late Goryeo period, and is a valuable resource for studies on Buddhist art history.Five-story Stone pagoda of Dongnam-riThis stone pagoda was originally a five-story structure built on a two-tiered platform, but the fourth layer and parts of the base are missing. The multi-storied composition and two-tiered base are a typical style of Unified Silla Dynasty pagodas, but the proportions are more characteristic of Goryeo Dynasty pagodas, considering the height of each story greater than its width.

The history of the First Presbyterian Church of Daegu begins with William M. Baird, an American missionary dispatched by the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America to Korea. As he stepped into the Daegueupseong Walled Town for the first time on April 22, 1893, Minister Baird started the Protestant mission for the north region of Gyeongsangbuk-do Province. In 1896, he purchased and remodeled eight houses within the Daegueupseong Walled Town to use them as the base for mission in Daegu, and established the First Presbyterian Church in Daegu, the first Presbyterian church in Daegu and the Gyeongsangbuk-do region. Minister James E. Adams, who succeeded Minister Baird the following year, established Jejungwon (currently Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center), the first Western medical institution of Korea. This site also hosted the Daenam Primary School (currently Daegu Chongro Elementary School) and Keisung School, which were established in 1900 and 1906, respectively, as one of the first modern primary and secondary schools in Daegu. A single-story church building was erected in 1908 to accommodate the growing membership of the church, followed by the construction of the two-story red-brick church in 1933 and a belfry in 1936. The First Presbyterian Church of Daegu remained in this building for about 100 years until 1994, when it relocated to the new cathedral built in the Dongsan-dong area.

Preila is one of the newest settlements in the Curonian Spit. After their houses were buried under sand, the residents of Karvaiciai and Nagliai villages moved here in 1843. Preila became a resort in 1933. It has preserved its cozy vibes of a tranquil fishing village till now, so it's a perfect place for people who love nature and peace. A local fisherman, Heinz Kubilius, told about forms of entertainment that used to bring people here during the interwar period: Local fishermen loved football and even had their own league of the Curonian Spit. The final match usually took place in Preila, as it had the best stadium. People from the entire Spit used to gather to Preila on their Kurenkahns boots. After the final match, everybody used to party with the local music band - the only one in the entire Spit.

A rounded corner of the building in the Didzioji and Josvainių Streets a wide double-deck door simple in its shape is installed, large showcase windows add more expression to even and calm façades, their metal supports and narrow doors at the end of the façades. A low roof is hidden by the parapet, a galvanized tin cover does not highlight the roof. A bright contrast of colors is added to the rhythmic of the building, whitish plastered façades, black wooden doors and black wooden window frames. In 1933, the building at the corner of the Gedimino (the current Didzioji) Street and Josvainių Street was constructed by famous inter-war provider Rokas Stancius. He founded a bookshop in the building and put the following note on the façade, above the corner door. Press fund. In the inter-war period, it was the only bookshop in Kedainiai. From the Second World War to the beginning of this century a pharmacy was operating in the building. During the latest reconstruction carried out in this century the building lost its authentic interior plan and its façades were painted in a color not usual to such architecture.

The remaining part of the Upper Castle. The first wooden fortifications were built by Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania. The first brick castle was completed in 1409 by Grand Duke Vytautas. The three-floor tower was rebuilt in 1933 by Polish architect Jan Borowski. Some remnants of the old castle have been restored, guided by archaeological research.

1933 (18)

Other Dates/Periods

1679

1810 - 1823

1494

1782 - 1789

15-05-1987

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