1931 - Data Points by Date/Period

Saint Patrick's Basilica (French: Basilique Saint-Patrick de Montréal) is a Roman Catholic minor basilica located on René-Lévesque Boulevard in Downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Known for its historical ties to the Irish-Canadian community, the basilica celebrated its 150th anniversary in 1997. Originally, French-speaking Catholics congregated at the Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours church in Old Montreal, but a surge of Irish immigrants around 1817 led to overcrowding. By 1825, the growing congregation was relocated to the Church of the Recollets, yet by 1841, the community had grown to 6,500, necessitating a larger space.The site for Saint Patrick’s was purchased, and construction commenced in September 1843. Situated on a slope overlooking the neighborhoods of Point St. Charles, Goose Village, and Griffintown, Saint Patrick's became Montreal’s oldest English-speaking Roman Catholic church. Its first mass took place on March 17, 1847, St. Patrick’s Day. The church’s initial organ, built by Samuel Russell Warren in 1850, was later followed by organists like Adélard Joseph Boucher and Joseph-A. Fowler.On December 10, 1985, the Quebec government declared Saint Patrick’s a historic monument, and in 1996, it was designated a National Historic Site of Canada. Elevated to a minor basilica by Pope John Paul II on St. Patrick's Day in 1989, the Gothic Revival structure—designed by P. L. Morin and Father Felix Martin—stands 71 meters long and 32 meters wide, with a steeple reaching 69 meters.Inside, French fleur-de-lys and Irish shamrock motifs adorn the heavily decorated interior. The 25-meter columns are crafted from white oak encased in marble, and the church has three altars, four rosette stained-glass windows by New York artist Alex S. Locke, and 150 saintly oil paintings. The Casavant Frères pipe organ, installed in 1895, is fully electropneumatic.Decorative additions by artists Guido Nincheri in 1922 and Victor Marion in 1931 enhanced the church. A unique 1,800-pound sanctuary lamp, installed in 1896, is North America's only one of its kind, with six angels standing two meters tall.St. Patrick's Chimes, a ten-bell set, includes the oldest bell, 'Charlotte,' cast in 1774. The bells were restored in 1989, and the organ has been rebuilt several times since its installation in 1852, incorporating elements from St. Antony's Church in 1972. Four major restorations have taken place, most recently costing $5 million, with $1.4 million from the Quebec Government.Two famous parishioners are honored inside: Pew 240 marks where Thomas D’Arcy McGee, a Father of Confederation, once sat, and a plaque at the rear commemorates poet Émile Nelligan’s baptism on Christmas Day 1879.The basilica stands at 460 René-Lévesque Boulevard West, at Saint-Alexandre Street, accessible from the Square-Victoria-OACI or Place-des-Arts metro stations in downtown Montreal.

The Town of Zealandia is located in the northeast corner of the R.M. of St. Andrew, on NE 34-30-13 W3. It was surveyed in 1904 by A.N. Swetman, Fred Engen, and Mr. Turner, and incorporated as a village in 1909.The name 'Zealandia' was suggested by Mr. Englebrecht, inspired by New Zealand and the S.S. Zealandia. Early settlers included the Ed Kidd family, whose son Hadden was the first white child born in the district. In 1904, A.D. Fletcher opened a blacksmith shop in a sod shack half a mile from town, while A.N. Swetman established a general store and post office. Mail arrived weekly from Hanley, with groceries delivered twice a month from Saskatoon via the Rudy Ferry on the Saskatchewan River. Swetman’s sister, Mrs. Hodgson, served as the first postmaster.In 1909, the Canadian National Railway’s Goose Lake Line was completed through the town.In 1910, the Zealandia Board of Trade released a brochure to attract settlers, proclaiming Zealandia as the center of the renowned Goose Lake District, 'the largest and best wheat-growing area in Canada,' and highlighting the area’s 'healthy and pleasant' climate. In March 1910 alone, 19 carloads of settlers arrived, followed by an additional 100 train cars that week. Land prices ranged from $15 to $30 per acre.Zealandia experienced its greatest growth from 1910 to 1918. However, the neighboring town of Rosetown began to draw residents and businesses due to its hospital and additional amenities, leading to Zealandia's decline after 1918.In 1919, a severe flu epidemic swept through the area, with typhoid fever proving especially deadly.The fires of 1923 and 1931 destroyed all buildings on Main Street. Despite attempts at rebuilding, Zealandia never regained its former prominence, though its resilient spirit remains.While the town has faced numerous challenges, Zealandia’s greatest asset remains the optimism of its citizens. As in many small towns, the community is friendly and welcoming, making it a wonderful place to raise a family.

The Aldred Building (French: Édifice Aldred; also known as Édifice La Prévoyance) is an Art Deco structure located on the historic Place d'Armes square in Old Montreal, Quebec, Canada.Completed in 1931, the building was designed by Ernest Isbell Barott of the firm Barott and Blackader. Standing at 96 meters (316 ft) or 23 storeys tall, it was constructed at a cost of $2,851,076 (equivalent to $54,622,444 in 2023). Barott aimed to create a modern building that harmonized with the historic surroundings of the square. The design features setbacks at the 8th, 13th, and 16th floors, allowing more light to reach the square and creating a cathedral-like massing that reflects the nearby Notre-Dame Basilica. The Aldred Building is constructed from limestone, a material common to the area, and aligns with both Place d'Armes and Notre-Dame Street, stepping back on the third floor to square with Notre-Dame, subtly addressing the angular intersection.Resembling New York's Empire State Building, which was completed in the same year, the Aldred Building was commissioned for Aldred and Company Limited, an international finance firm based in New York City. Barott began the project around 1927, initially planning for a 12-storey structure due to Montreal's height restrictions, which allowed for buildings to reach 130 feet (40 m). However, a 1929 bylaw permitted taller buildings if setbacks were utilized to reduce their mass. The Aldred Building took advantage of a clause in this bylaw allowing for an additional height of up to 200 feet (61 m) on public squares, leading to its current design. The total floor area is 238,946 square feet (22,198.8 m²).The Aldred Building's exterior features Indiana limestone set on a granite base, complemented by aluminum spandrels. The entrance lobby showcases a variety of marbles, with the interior doors inlaid with white metal and the exterior gates made of bronze. The flooring above ground level consists of terrazzo with brass strips, while bronze frames adorn the windows of the ground-floor bank. The building’s steel structure is supported by a solid nine-foot-thick concrete mat two floors below street level, and fireproofed with terra-cotta tiles. It boasts 840 windows, accounting for about 20 percent of the building's surface area, and incorporates modern services such as conditioned ventilation, a central vacuum system, an electric time-clock system, and high-speed elevators installed by Otis Fensom, capable of traveling at 700 feet (210 m) per minute with teak interiors.

Veregin is a special service area located in Saskatchewan, Canada, about 50 kilometres northeast of Yorkton and 10 kilometres west of Kamsack. It was incorporated as a village in 1912 and named after Veregin Station, which was originally built in 1908. Interestingly, the name was misspelled by the railroad when it established Veregin Siding in 1904, a name intended to honor Peter V. Verigin, the Doukhobor leader. Veregin owes its existence to the Doukhobors, whose 1899 block settlement, known as the South Doukhobor Colony, happened to include the site that would become the village, and to the Canadian Northern Railway, whose line between Kamsack and Canora crossed the Doukhobor reserve in 1904. This location was chosen for the railway station, which served as a hub for the Doukhobor community.The village began to develop around the train station, and Peter Verigin moved his residence and headquarters there from Otradnoye in 1904. By 1910, Veregin had become an important Doukhobor settlement, hosting the annual meetings of the Doukhobor Community. It became the headquarters for the Christian Community of Universal Brotherhood (CCUB) when it was legally incorporated in 1917, although most CCUB members had already relocated to British Columbia. The headquarters remained in Veregin until 1931, when it was moved to British Columbia. After the CCUB went bankrupt in 1937–38, the community's facilities were either sold or destroyed.In 1980, Verigin's mansion, built in 1917, was restored, and in 2006 it, along with a few other Doukhobor buildings, was designated a National Historic Site of Canada under the name 'Doukhobors at Veregin.' However, two major fires in January 2004 threatened the village's viability. As a result, Veregin's status as a village was dissolved on December 31, 2006, and it was absorbed into the surrounding Rural Municipality of Sliding Hills No. 273 as a special service area.According to the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Veregin had a population of 47 living in 28 of its 43 total private dwellings, representing a 4.4% increase from its 2016 population of 45. With a land area of 1.46 square kilometres, it had a population density of 32.2 people per square kilometre in 2021.

Greenwater Lake Provincial Park is situated in Saskatchewan's Porcupine Hills, along Highway 38, approximately 28 kilometers (17 miles) northeast of the town of Porcupine Plain. Established on February 19, 1932, the park is one of Saskatchewan's oldest, added to the original six parks founded in 1931 and expanded to its current size in 1964.The park includes Greenwater and Marean Lakes, located within the Porcupine Provincial Forest. While the west side of Marean Lake is outside the park's boundaries, it is home to the Marean Lake Valley Resort. Recognized as an Important Bird Area (IBA) of Canada, the park's landscape features rolling hills, small lakes, and forests of spruce, balsam poplar, and aspen. It is home to over 200 bird species and various wildlife, including foxes, otters, coyotes, moose, black bears, and elk. The lakes are populated by northern pike, walleye, and yellow perch.Greenwater Lake Provincial Park offers year-round amenities. In summer, visitors can enjoy hiking, picnicking, and bird watching along 125 kilometers of trails. The park also provides a marina, beach, 18-hole golf course, mini-golf, and various sports facilities. During winter, the trails are groomed for cross-country skiing and snowmobiling, with additional activities like ice skating and tobogganing.Camping options include over 300 campsites in five campgrounds, and 28 cabins, some winterized, are available for rent. The park also features dining options such as the Greenwater Beach Cafe and Greenwater Fisherman's Cove, a golf resort, and a marina offering boat rentals and fishing gear. Additionally, supplies like fuel and firewood are available within the park.

The Old Government House, built in 1876, is located 1.5 miles (approximately 2.4 kilometers) south of Battleford on Old Highway No. 4. From 1876 to 1883, Battleford served as the seat of government and was known as the Territorial Capital of the Northwest Territories, which now includes Alberta, Saskatchewan, and the Northwest Territories. During this period, Battleford and the North-West Mounted Police played a significant role in the 1885 North-West (Riel) Rebellion. Between 1878 and 1882, Lieutenant-Governor David Laird resided in the house, which also served as the Government Office and Chambers when Battleford was the Capital of the Northwest Territories. In 1883, the Capital was relocated to Regina. From 1883 to 1914, the building housed the Indian Industrial School under the Anglican Church. Between 1916 and 1931, it was used as a Seventh-day Adventist Academy. In 1931, the property was sold to the Oblates of Mary Immaculate, and from 1932 to 1984, it functioned as the St. Charles Scholastic Seminary. The building was designated a Municipal Heritage Site in 1976 and a Provincial Heritage Property in 1984. In 2003, the vacant site was leased to Battle River Settlement Foundation Inc. as part of a restoration project but was destroyed by fire in the summer of that year.

Aklavik, known in Inuvialuktun as Akłarvik, translates to 'barrenground grizzly place.' It stands as a hamlet within the Inuvik Region of Canada's Northwest Territories. Historically, up until 1961, Aklavik boasted a population exceeding 1,500 and held significance as the regional administrative hub for the territorial government. However, due to recurrent flooding, the government initiated the development of Inuvik, situated 63 km (39 mi) to the east. This new town was intended to entirely replace Aklavik, yet many residents persisted and sustained Aklavik's existence. As of 2018, the population had dwindled to 623, showcasing the community's resilience despite the challenges it faced.History of AklavikIn the early 1900s, Aklavik began its development with the establishment of a Hudson's Bay Company trading post in 1912 and later, a Roman Catholic mission in 1926. Positioned on the Peel Channel, it thrived as a transportation hub in the Mackenzie area, highly valued for its prime trapping grounds. Joining the Northwest Territories and Yukon Radio System in 1925, Aklavik's station, known as VEF, played a crucial role in communication for both locals and passing aircraft, even those without radios, marking their passage for record-keeping. The infamous arrival of Albert Johnson, the 'Mad Trapper of Rat River,' in 1931 led to a tragic confrontation with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), sparking a 42-day manhunt. This event influenced the use of airplanes and communication radios for tracking individuals, leading to the establishment of museums dedicated to Johnson. Aklavik saw the launch of radio station 'CHAK' in December 1946, serving the Mackenzie River delta, while the Royal Canadian Navy operated a signals intelligence station until 1961 when operations shifted to Inuvik due to flooding concerns along the Peel Channel. Despite plans to close Aklavik in favor of the new community in Inuvik due to flooding, community members rallied together in the 1960s, spearheaded by A.J. (Moose) Kerr, the school's principal, successfully preserving and sustaining the town. The local school now bears his name, a testament to the community's resilience.

The Dömötör tower, located in Szeged, Hungary, holds the distinction of being the city's oldest structure. Its foundation is believed to have been laid in the 11th century, with subsequent construction phases: the lower portion, characterized by Romanesque style, was erected during the 12th century, while the upper part, showcasing Gothic elements, took form in the 13th century. Originally part of the Szent Dömötör templom (St. Demetrius church), the tower now stands in Dóm Square, juxtaposed with the grander Votive Church of Szeged. A reconstruction of the upper portion took place in 1926, using the original stones. The architectural features of the tower resemble those found in Southern France or within the former Byzantine Empire. On the upper segment, the tower boasts 48 pointed windows arranged across three tiers (sixteen on each tier, two on each side of the octagonal levels). The lower section has a gateway that was transformed into a baptismal chapel in 1931. Above the gate, a replica of the earliest sculpture in Szeged, the 'Kőbárány' (stone lamb), a depiction of the agnus dei (Lamb of God) from the early 12th century, has been positioned. This replica was installed in place of the original sculpture in 1991. Within the tower's interior, a fresco by Vilmos Aba-Novák portrays the baptism of Hungarians during the 11th century. Unfortunately, due to the presence of mold on the rear wall, the baptismal chapel is no longer in use. The tower's 'Gate of Life,' created by János Bille in 1931, communicates the journey of a Christian life through symbolic representations. Two years are marked at the top and bottom: 1272 and 1931. The former is believed to signify the year of the upper portion's construction, while the latter represents the year it was transformed into a baptismal chapel. The 'Gate of Life' features 20 symbols, excluding the numbers, with the first symbol being an Alpha and the last, an Omega. These symbols Alpha and Omega represent Jesus Christ, symbolizing birth and death.

The bronze bust of Mihai Eminescu in Constanța is situated near the Genovese Lighthouse on a travertine plinth. It was created by sculptor Oscar Han in 1930 and unveiled in August 1934 along the waterfront near the casino and the sea. The bust stands at a height of 3 meters. On the plinth, there is a statuary representation of the face of one of the ancient muses of lyric poetry—Terpsihora or Erato. Some commentators suggest that the face actually represents Calliope, the muse of epic poetry, borrowing the features of Veronica Micle, Eminescu's muse. Mihai Eminescu, the national poet of the Romanians (1850-1889), stayed in Constanța for ten days in June 1882, residing in the attic of the Hôtel d'Angleterre which stood on the site later occupied by the Intim Hotel. The Intim Hotel, located on Nicolae Titulescu Street No. 9, is now a historical monument with a memorial plaque on its facade commemorating Eminescu's stay. The initiative to erect a monument to Eminescu in Constanța was undertaken by the teacher, writer, and translator Zoe Verbiceanu and the lawyer, publicist, and poet IN Roman, who had known Eminescu in his youth. In 1931, they established a committee named 'Pro-Eminescu' which, over a span of three years, worked tirelessly to promote Eminescu's work and raise funds for the monument's construction. The inauguration of the statue took place on August 15, 1934, at 1:15 p.m. King Carol II of Romania and his son, Crown Prince Mihai, were present as they were in Constanța to celebrate Navy Day. The ceremony included speeches by Rear Admiral Bălănescu, Minister of Public Instruction Constantin Angelescu, academician I. Bianu, and the king. Unfortunately, in March 2011, the massive bronze effigy, bearing the poet's name, was stolen from the plinth. This occurred despite the presence of two public guard stations in the vicinity of the monument and a military police station behind the statue, responsible for safeguarding the Fleet Command.

Mihai Eminescu National Theater (Romanian: Teatrul Național Mihai Eminescu) is a historical and architectural monument built in neoclassical style located in Central Chișinău, Republic of Moldova. Originally constructed to house various cultural activities in 1931, the purpose of the building and its name changed several times over the years. In 1988 the theater was named in honor of the Romanian poet from Moldavia Mihai Eminescu. The theater hosts plays and concerts. Mihai Eminescu National Theater, located on 79 Ștefan cel Mare Boulevard, was initially constructed between 1931 and 1932 as a multipurpose structure designed by architect Nicolae Stănescu. However, due to economic constraints, the construction remained incomplete. In 1940, the Soviet authorities decided to complete the building, which was saved from destruction during the war. Over the years, the building's purpose shifted to accommodate various cultural institutions, and its name changed accordingly. It was eventually recognized as a significant monument of art, architecture, and history by the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. The theater building, situated on a corner of a neighborhood, is a three-level structure with an attic. It is built in a rectangular plan with a narrow façade perpendicular to Ștefan cel Mare Boulevard. The theater's spatial composition is dominated by a cylindrical volume surrounded by balconies, foyers, and corridors, topped with a spherical dome. The main facade is monumental, featuring a central portico with Corinthian columns and a triangular pediment. The side facades have symmetrical compositions with central porticoes and triangular pediments, leading to side entrances. The interior includes lodges, balconies, a grand staircase, and various rooms for administration and actors. The building is characterized by large spaces, marble-clad foyers, glossy parquet flooring, a marble staircase, a red velvet-clad hall, and chandeliers.

1931 (28)

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1655 - 1661

1706

1654

2014 - 2015

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