1891 - Data Points by Date/Period

Notre-Dame Basilica (French: Basilique Notre-Dame) is a Catholic minor basilica located in the historic Old Montreal district of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Situated at 110 Notre-Dame Street West, at the corner of Saint Sulpice Street, it is adjacent to the Saint-Sulpice Seminary and overlooks Place d'Armes square.The basilica is renowned for its dramatic interior, a Gothic Revival masterpiece. The ceiling is a deep blue adorned with golden stars, while the sanctuary features rich colors—blues, reds, purples, silver, and gold—alongside hundreds of intricate wooden carvings and religious statues. Unlike traditional church stained glass, the windows here depict scenes from Montreal's religious history. A standout feature is the 1891 Casavant Frères pipe organ, with 7,000 pipes, four keyboards, and 99 stops.The Sulpicians, a Roman Catholic order, arrived in Montreal (then Ville-Marie) in 1657, and by 1672 had built the original parish church, dedicated to the Holy Name of Mary. By 1824, the congregation outgrew the church, leading to the commissioning of a new design by James O'Donnell, an Irish-American Anglican. O'Donnell, a proponent of the Gothic Revival style, converted to Catholicism on his deathbed and is the only person buried in the church’s crypt. The new basilica's construction took place between 1824 and 1829, with the towers completed in the 1840s. When finished, it was the largest church in North America.Throughout its history, Notre-Dame has undergone various modifications. Notably, the interior was redesigned by Victor Bourgeau in the 1870s, drawing inspiration from Sainte-Chapelle in Paris. A more intimate chapel, Chapelle du Sacré-Cœur, was added in 1888 but was later destroyed by arson in 1978. The chapel was rebuilt, blending traditional and modern elements, including an impressive bronze altarpiece by Quebec sculptor Charles Daudelin.The basilica has hosted many significant events, including state funerals for notable figures such as former Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and hockey legend Maurice 'Rocket' Richard. It was also the setting for Celine Dion’s wedding to René Angélil in 1994 and Angélil's funeral in 2016. Additionally, the basilica welcomed a display of Napoleon Bonaparte’s artifacts in 2014 and accepted donations in 2019 to support the reconstruction of Notre-Dame de Paris after its devastating fire.With around 11 million annual visitors, Notre-Dame Basilica is one of North America's most visited monuments. In 2023, it was named the 6th most beautiful building in the world by Angi, a home service publication that ranked Notre-Dame de Paris second and Barcelona's Sagrada Família first.In 1982, Pope John Paul II elevated Notre-Dame to the status of a minor basilica. It was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1989, further cementing its role as a cultural and architectural icon.

Hirsch is a hamlet in the RM of Coalfields, Saskatchewan, located about 18 miles east of Estevan along Highway 18. The post office, originally misspelled as 'Hirsh,' opened on December 1, 1893, and operated until March 31, 1970.Founded in May 1892 by Jewish settlers, Hirsch was the first settlement established by the Baron Maurice de Hirsch Foundation and the Jewish Colonization Association (JCA). It was named after Baron Maurice de Hirsch, one of the most prominent Jewish philanthropists of the 19th century.In Jewish tradition, great respect is shown to the deceased, and a cemetery is considered a priority. Before building a synagogue, early settlers set aside land for a cemetery, with colonist Mr. Blank dedicating an acre of his land for this purpose. Nearly 90 years after the first settlers arrived, the Hirsch Cemetery was consecrated and designated a Saskatchewan historic site. The Hirsch Jewish Cemetery is located just west of the hamlet along Highway 18. The original synagogue still stands but has been converted into a residence.During the Dust Bowl of the 1930s, most Jewish families left Hirsch and relocated to Winnipeg.Hirsch is also known for the autobiography of Mrs. Zellickson (or Zelickson), who immigrated in 1891 and wrote about prairie life in 1925, focusing on the role of women. She responded to a discussion in the magazine Nor'-West Farmer about the value of women’s work.

The Village of Theodore is situated about 40 km northwest of Yorkton, along the Yellowhead Highway #16, in Saskatchewan’s parkland region. From its early days, the community has been rooted in agriculture, focusing on grain, beef, and pork production. The first settlers, predominantly Danish, arrived from Scandinavia, Great Britain, Central Europe, and the USA. This area became known as 'Little Denmark.' These pioneers sought to acquire 160 acres of land for $10 under the Homestead Act, which required clearing 10 acres annually for three years to gain ownership.The first settlers, Sorn Peter Sorensen and Ole Frederickson, arrived in 1891, and later that year, Annie Catherina Sorensen, the first white child, was born in a temporary shelter. In 1892, Richard Seeman from London acquired a homestead near the present townsite. He later extended the rail line to Sheho in 1903, which encouraged the development of Theodore. The CPR (Canadian Pacific Railway) station, built in 1902, survived a 1956 train wreck and was later turned into a museum.The post office, named after Richard Seeman’s late father, Nicolaus Theodor Seemann, began service in 1893. By 1904, Theodore had grown into a self-sufficient community with post offices, blacksmith shops, general stores, and other businesses. While the population peaked at around 500 between 1950 and 1990, it has since stabilized at about 345.The village has a vibrant history of community organizations and remains home to active groups like the Recreation Board, Fire Brigade, and regional park authorities. Theodore also has a local newspaper, published for over 25 years, with subscribers across Canada and worldwide. Today, Theodore continues to thrive, honoring the legacy of its pioneers while remaining a close-knit and determined community.

Republicii Street, known as the Gate Street in the medieval town of Brasov, holds historical significance as the main thoroughfare. An emblem of antiquity, the Drugstore Jekelius (located at no. 17) was constructed in the XVIth century, standing at the intersection with the present-day Michael Weiss Street, historically referred to as Nuns' Street in the Middle Ages due to its association with the Saint John Monastery, documented since the XVth century and later entrusted to the Franciscan Order during the XVIIIth century. On the southern side of Republicii Street, notable residences once stood, including the Hirscher family residence, replaced in 1908 by the Saxon National Bank headquarters, meticulously designed by the architect Albert Schuller of Brasov (at Michael Weiss Street 22). Albert Schuller also lent his design expertise to the construction of Hotel Coroana (The Crown) (1909-1910, at no. 62), embodying the '1900s style' in the German Jugendstil fashion for Brasov. Another contemporary architectural gem is the House of shoemaker Heinrich Bahmüller (at no. 16, 1906), where the façade resonates with the Viennese Sezessionul style, while the adornments of the house at no. 10 (1902) amalgamate neo-Gothic architecture with elements of the new style. The iconic House of confectioner Montaldo, also known as Tortenhaus (at no. 14), stands as a landmark building in the town, designed by architect Peter Bartesch in 1864. This building later became the residence of Baross hotel. At the eastern end of Republicii Street once stood the principal town gate, dismantled in the XIXth century along with the north-eastern fortifications of Brasov's Stronhold. Beyond the fortified wall's former location, where executions and witch burnings transpired in the Middle Ages, new administrative edifices were erected, such as The Finances Palace (1897-1898, now the City Hall), The Justice Palace (1902, presently the Prefecture), and The Post Palace (1906). Progressing from Portica towards Warthe, notable constructions include Vila Kertsch (1887, demolished in 1970), The Artisans Association's House (1902, now the Museum of Art), Vila Schuller (1896, deconstructed in 1962), The State Humanistic Superior School (1888-1889, now the T wing of the University), and The Reformed Church (1891-1892, designed by architect Alpár Ignátz), which was later demolished in 1963 to accommodate the new wing of 'Aro Palace' Hotel, planned by architect Iancu Rădăcină, and the modernist-styled construction by renowned international architect Horia Creangă, completed between 1938-1939. These newer edifices form a boundary towards the 'Stronghold' Rudolf Boulevard (Rudolfsring, later Carol I Boulevard, presently Heroes Boulevard), situated along the medieval defense ditch on the north-eastern side.

The foundation of this church was established in 1895, marking its humble beginnings. As recounted by the church's parish priest, Archpriest Mitrofor Dumitru Eșanu, the idea for its creation originated from the visionary nobleman Nicolae Crupenschi. In 1882, Crupenschi acquired the Larga estate and, driven by his aspirations, made the decision in 1891 to craft this exquisite wooden church. Its beauty was noteworthy not only in its era but also throughout subsequent times. Nicolae Crupenschi, recognized as a landowner and a member of the Russian Duma, extended an invitation to the skilled Russian architect Ovceacov to journey to Larga. Under Ovceacov's expert guidance, the construction of this sacred structure commenced, solidifying the manifestation of Crupenschi's vision.

Construction on Saint Mary's Church, known as 'Kisha e Shën Mërisë,' commenced in 1789 and reached completion with decorations in 1891. After being closed in 1967, it was reopened in 1991, with its most recent restoration occurring in 2017. Access to the church is granted from the western side, marked by an arch formed by two stone columns. The narthex, comprising two levels, provides entry to the main body of the church. The upper level can be reached by wooden stairs on the left wing. To enter the nave, one descends three steps through the central door of the narthex. An alternate entrance lies to the south, connecting to an open hall. The nave showcases four columns joined by vaulted arches, with a central cylindrical dome featuring narrow windows. On both the north and south sides, the cylindrical nave extends east to west. Illumination for the nave comes through four sizable windows on each side. The area of the altar is demarcated by a walnut wood-carved iconostasis, followed by the semicircular apse.

The Museum of Vangjush Mio in Korça, Albania, closed due to earthquake damage, reopened for Christmas with the efforts of DRTK Korça. The house, a museum apartment of the renowned Albanian painter, exhibits ethnographic treasures and honors Mio's legacy as an Impressionist artist famed for landscapes and portraits. Born in 1891, Mio's works capture various Albanian cities, making him a pivotal figure in the country's art history.

A special committee of the Jewish religious community in Rijeka began collecting voluntary contributions for the building of a Jewish temple and the purchase of the necessary land in 1890. In 1891, a few thousand florins had already been collected. The action lasted for ten years. In December 1900, the project of the temple to be was designed by the architect W. Stiassny from Vienna. The designed temple was supposed to be built in the Moorish style with a dome. The construction site had already been purchased at the intersection of Kapucinska Street (now Ciottina Street) and Zagrad Street (now Pomerio) on the former Cambieri Square.In May 1901, the Jewish community decided to assign someone else to the project, also a distinguished creator, the architect Leopold (Lipot) Baumhorn from Budapest, whose blueprints were used by a builder from Rijeka, the engineer Carlo Conighi when the construction started in November 1902 after the municipality of Rijeka decided to issue a building permit on 8 October 1902.Lipot Baumhorn (1860-1932) completed his studies at the Polytechnic in Vienna and specialised in the design of Jewish synagogues. Around twenty Jewish temples were built in the Hungarian territory according to his designs. Because the documentation of the Jewish religious community was destroyed during the war, it is impossible to find out why the committee of Rijeka changed the architect but, if the two designs are compared, you could say that they were on the same artistic level.The city's ornamentA lawyer from Rijeka, Dr. Enrico Sachs stood out during the overall effort and organization of collecting contributions for the construction of this magnificent building. During the time he represented the Jewish religious community in front of the municipality of Rijeka, and he handled all the correspondence. From the petition to the Magistrate for permission to build the temple, we learn that the Jewish religious community in RIjeka amounted to 2500 souls in 1901 and such a number of followers undoubtedly required a befitting temple. The community did not have sufficient funds to build the holy temple, so they asked others for help, regardless of their religious views. The community also kept in mind that the job of the construction should go to companies from Rijeka. Therefore, they wrote a petition to the Magistrate asking him, too, to participate with a contribution. The municipality of Rijeka decided to give its contribution in the form of 70 square meters of land in Zagrad street. THe reasoning said that a temple in that street would be an ornament for the city and the municipality of Rijeka wanted to keep its promise to help such plans. The value of the land was estimated at 4200 krone by the municipality of Rijeka. Not to be left out, the governor of Rijeka, Ladislav Szapary ordered that 2000 krone from his private register would be paid out for the construction of the Jewish temple. The construction progressed rapidly and the Community informed the municipality of Rijeka on 18 September 1903 that the new temple had been built based on plans approved under number 17481/1902, asking for an occupancy permit because the beginning of Jewish New Year's festivities was on 22 October. The luxurious synagogue stood right next to today's Faculty of Maritime Studies.As a typical electrician, Baumhorn very successfully and without much hesitation combined Romanesque and Gothic elements with Moorish decoration, and using Pannonian architecture, merged the ingenuity of stone, brick and plaster, building a beautiful, representative and also functional temple - the Rijeka Synagogue.This magnificent building, erected in Rijeka during a great period of urban growth and a historical testimony of the Jewish religious community in RIjeka and the enormous financial sacrifices invested into the construction of this temple, was ruthlessly mined by the Nazi occupiers on 25 January 1944. Our city lost an irreplaceable authentic Lipot Baumhorn work of art, a beautiful example of typical Hungarian eclecticism with construction in brick, completely contrary to the tradition of the Adriatic. Along with Baumhorn's eclecticism, his technical updating is also present in the application of iron structures, which solved wide span arches in the interior and thus let abundant light into the unique space of the temple and the comprehensiveness directed by the lines of force toward the altar, i.e. Aaron ha-Chodesh for the Torah.

The Rijeka railway station (Željeznički kolodvor Rijeka), which opened in 1873, is situated close to the port of Rijeka and is operated by Croatian Railways (HŽ). After the Croatian-Hungarian Settlement of 1868, the Free State of Fiume received a special status within Croatia's personal union with Hungary, leading to the expansion of the Port of Rijeka, designated as the main commercial port of the Kingdom of Hungary. In 1873, railway routes from Budapest via Zagreb and Karlovac, and from Vienna via Ljubljana & Pivka to Rijeka were completed, and the station opened on June 25, 1873. A year later, a direct rail connection to Trieste was established. In the 1880s, with the founding of one of Europe's first oil refineries in Rijeka, the port and station underwent expansion, adding new warehouses. The current station building, designed by the architect Ferenc Pfaff from Budapest, was constructed between 1889 and 1891 in the neoclassical style. The preserved building features a 150 m long single-story arcaded section, a two-story central entrance hall, and two head-end buildings on each side. Following the First World War, Rijeka was annexed by the Kingdom of Italy, and the station became a border station under the ownership of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane, which electrified the Rijeka-Pivka line with a 3000 V DC system. After the Second World War, the station became part of the Yugoslav Railways (JŽ) network, and since 1991, it has been under the ownership of Croatian Railways (HŽ).

Normann Palace (Palača Normann), located at Trg Ante Starčevića 2 in Osijek, Croatia, is a single-story edifice. Originally constructed in 1891, it served as the residential palace of Count Gustav Normann Ehrenfelski, a prominent landowner from Valpovo. Designed by architect Josip Vancaš and built by Franz Wybiral, the palace stands as a testament to the Neo-Renaissance style of the 19th century. Presently, the building serves as the seat of the Osijek-Baranja county, showcasing its historical significance and architectural grandeur.

1891 (17)

Other Dates/Periods

2011 - 2017

1753

16-09-1164

1776

14-05-2018

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