1864 - Data Points by Date/Period

The Molson Bank Building was constructed in 1866 at the corner of St. Peter and St. James streets (now rue Saint-Pierre and rue Saint-Jacques) in Old Montreal as the headquarters for Molson Bank, founded by William Molson (1793–1875). This was Montreal’s first building designed in the Second Empire style, a design led by architect George Browne and his son, John James George Browne.Molson Bank merged with the Bank of Montreal in 1925.The construction of the Molson Bank Building began in 1864 and completed in 1866. Due to outgrowing its previous location on St. James Street, Molson Bank acquired a neighboring lot in 1863, and an architectural competition awarded the design to George and John James Browne. Construction involved demolishing existing buildings on the site, with the bank’s counters and offices located on the first floor and basement. The upper floors, accessed from St. Peter Street, were leased to various tenants, including a publisher.In 1870, Molson Bank expanded by opening branches, establishing its head office on St. James Street as the main branch. By 1883, the bank occupied the entire building, which was expanded further in 1900 and 1911 to cover the entire lot. The original St. Peter Street entrance was eventually replaced with an entrance on Saint-Jacques Street.Following the 1925 merger with the Bank of Montreal, the building housed a branch and international services. In 1923-1924, the first floor was extended to Notre-Dame Street, connecting to the Insurance Exchange building constructed behind it. The Bank of Montreal branch closed in 1981 and was later converted into a training center. After the bank disposed of the property in 1999, it was renovated and eventually occupied by government and legal offices by 2009.

Fort Qu'Appelle is a historic town nestled in the Qu'Appelle River valley in Saskatchewan, Canada, located 70 kilometers northeast of Regina, between Echo and Mission Lakes, two of the Fishing Lakes. Its history stretches back to 1864, when it was established as a Hudson's Bay Company trading post, and it has since become a vital part of Saskatchewan’s rich cultural and historical tapestry.The town of Fort Qu'Appelle, which had 1,919 residents in 2006, is strategically positioned at the crossroads of several key highways: Highway 35, Highway 10, Highway 22, Highway 56, and Highway 215. This geographic positioning has played an important role in its development as a central hub in the region. Over time, the community has developed notable landmarks, such as the 1897 Hudson’s Bay Company store and the 1911 Grand Trunk Pacific Railway station. These buildings, alongside the Fort Qu'Appelle Sanatorium (known as Fort San) and the Treaty 4 Governance Centre, which is uniquely shaped like a teepee, are defining features of the town. Additionally, the Noel Pinay sculpture, depicting a man in prayer, commemorates an ancient burial ground and adds to the town's deep sense of heritage and respect for its history.The present-day Fort Qu'Appelle is actually the third location to bear the name. The first Fort Qu'Appelle was established by the North West Company between 1801 and 1805 near the current Saskatchewan-Manitoba border. Another Hudson's Bay Company post, named Fort Qu'Appelle, was set up north of what is now Whitewood, Saskatchewan, from 1813 to 1819. These earlier trading posts laid the foundation for what would later become the town's more permanent settlement.Before the Hudson's Bay Company set up its enduring fur-trading post in 1864, the region around Fort Qu'Appelle was already a central location for various Indigenous trails that crisscrossed the northwest. A Hudson's Bay Company trading post briefly operated from 1852 to 1854, but it was not until the establishment of an Anglican mission that the settlement began to grow more permanently. This Anglican mission survives today in the form of St. John the Evangelist Anglican parish church, which remains a prominent part of the community's spiritual landscape.The trading post that became the foundation of Fort Qu'Appelle experienced a revival between 1864 and 1911, solidifying the town's position as an important regional center. During this period, the signing of Treaty 4 with the Cree and Saulteaux peoples marked a crucial moment in the town's history. Following the treaty signing, the North-West Mounted Police, now the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), established a presence in the town, which they have maintained ever since. This continued law enforcement presence signified the town's growing importance as a hub of activity and governance in the region.As agricultural development began in the 1880s, Fort Qu'Appelle underwent significant changes. Farmers, who settled in the surrounding areas, required an urban center where they could sell their grain and other products, purchase agricultural and household supplies, and engage in social gatherings. The town quickly became that center. Over time, the initial small-scale partitioning of land into farms proved unsustainable, and farm populations declined. By the 1970s, many farmers were selling their land and moving into town for retirement, accelerating Fort Qu'Appelle’s role as a residential community for those who had previously worked the land.The name 'Qu'Appelle' itself has an intriguing history. It is derived from the French phrase 'Qui appelle,' meaning 'who calls,' which is connected to its Cree name, 'kah-tep-was,' now rendered in Modern Plains Cree as 'kâ-têpwêt,' meaning 'river that calls.' The origin of this name is subject to several interpretations, but the most popular story revolves around a Cree legend of two lovers who were tragically separated. This legend was later popularized in poetry by E. Pauline Johnson, whose verses helped spread the story across the country.Beyond its role in Indigenous and fur-trading histories, Fort Qu'Appelle was once a key stop along a network of trails traversing the North-West Territories. Its proximity to significant trade routes contributed to its growth, and by 1864, when the Hudson’s Bay Company set up a trading post at its current location, the town began to flourish. The Hudson’s Bay Company’s activity initially focused on the fur trade, and the post facilitated the shipping of pemmican down the valley on cart trails to supply fur traders working in more forested regions to the north and east.Fort Qu'Appelle also played a role during the Northwest Rebellion of 1885 (North-West resistance). General Middleton, who was leading Canadian forces to quell the rebellion, gathered soldiers at Qu'Appelle, near the Canadian Pacific Railway. From there, he ordered Captain French, an Irish officer formerly with the North-West Mounted Police, to raise a mounted force in the Fort Qu'Appelle area. This force joined with other regiments and marched to Batoche, where one of the most notorious battles of the rebellion would take place.As European settlers arrived in the 1880s, Fort Qu'Appelle further transformed into a commercial and social hub. The original Hudson's Bay Company trading post transitioned into a department store on Broadway Street by 1897. Although the fur trade had largely diminished by then, the town’s population had grown significantly, as farmers from surrounding areas traveled into town to shop. The old store building still stands, although it has long since ceased to be a functional part of the Hudson's Bay Company’s operations.At one time, there was some confusion over the naming of the town. Both Fort Qu'Appelle and the nearby town of Qu'Appelle laid claim to the name, but this dispute was settled in 1911 when the present Fort Qu'Appelle was officially recognized as the town located in the Qu'Appelle Valley, while the railway station site was named simply Qu'Appelle.The establishment of three industrial boarding schools for First Nations adolescents in 1883 is another chapter in Fort Qu'Appelle's history. One of these schools was located on the south side of Mission Lake, near the community of Lebret. These schools are a reminder of the town's complex role in Canada's colonial history.The town’s significance was further cemented in 1953 when the site of the original fort was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada. Over the years, Fort Qu'Appelle has retained its importance as a historical and cultural center in Saskatchewan. According to the 2021 Census, the town had a population of 1,972 people living in 850 dwellings, a slight decrease from the 2016 population of 2,042. The town spans an area of 5.09 square kilometers, with a population density of 387.4 people per square kilometer.Fort Qu'Appelle remains a place where history and modern life blend, with its historic landmarks, rich cultural legacy, and its continuing role as a central community in the Qu'Appelle Valley.

Tempos Vega Sicilia is a Spanish winery situated in the Ribera del Duero Denominación de Origen within the Province of Valladolid, Castile and León (northern Spain). Established in 1864 by Don Eloy Lecanda y Chaves, it began with the planting of various grapes sourced from the Bordeaux wine region of France, including Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, which remain integral to their wines today. Since 1982, coinciding with the Ribera del Duero being granted Denominación de Origen (DO) status, the Álvarez family, esteemed members of the Primum Familiae Vini, have owned Tempos Vega Sicilia. When comparing Spanish wines to Bordeaux's esteemed First Growth wines, wine connoisseur Hugh Johnson likened Vega Sicilia to Latour. However, he noted it's akin to a Latour vintage that has ripened the grapes extensively and put the picking crews under significant heat—a nod to the notably warmer climate and unique growing conditions in the Ribera del Duero. Tempos Vega Sicilia's wines enjoy global acclaim as some of the most exceptional and highly prized red wines available. Their premier wine typically sells for an average price of $497 per bottle, establishing a reputation for excellence and value in the market.Vega Sicilia, established by Eloy Lecanda y Chaves, a Spanish winemaker trained in Bordeaux, gained prominence in the 20th century as one of Spain's premier wines. Over its history, notable winemakers like Mariano García contributed to its legacy. The origin of the name 'Vega Sicilia' remains uncertain but holds no connection to Sicilian wines, referencing the greenery along the Duero riverbank and Saint Cecilia, the patron saint of musicians. The vineyards initially planted with Bordeaux varieties like Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, unique for Ribera del Duero, still encompass nearly 40% of Vega Sicilia's estate, focusing on old vines with low yields, some over a century old. Known for its patience in winemaking, Vega Sicilia ages its wines for extended periods, releasing them when they reach desired styles. The estate produces three main wines: 1. Unico: A Gran Reserva released about a decade after vintage, primarily Tempranillo with Cabernet Sauvignon, though not produced in poor vintages. 2. Valbuena 5°: Aged for five years prior to release, predominantly Tempranillo with Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon. 3. Vega Sicilia Unico Reserva Especial: A non-vintage blend aged for at least 10 years, combining grapes from different Unico vintages. Previously, Valbuena 3° was produced until 1998, and Alión and Pintía wineries were established by the Alvarez family in the vicinity to create modern-style Tinto Fino red wines aged in new French oak barrels.

Republicii Street, known as the Gate Street in the medieval town of Brasov, holds historical significance as the main thoroughfare. An emblem of antiquity, the Drugstore Jekelius (located at no. 17) was constructed in the XVIth century, standing at the intersection with the present-day Michael Weiss Street, historically referred to as Nuns' Street in the Middle Ages due to its association with the Saint John Monastery, documented since the XVth century and later entrusted to the Franciscan Order during the XVIIIth century. On the southern side of Republicii Street, notable residences once stood, including the Hirscher family residence, replaced in 1908 by the Saxon National Bank headquarters, meticulously designed by the architect Albert Schuller of Brasov (at Michael Weiss Street 22). Albert Schuller also lent his design expertise to the construction of Hotel Coroana (The Crown) (1909-1910, at no. 62), embodying the '1900s style' in the German Jugendstil fashion for Brasov. Another contemporary architectural gem is the House of shoemaker Heinrich Bahmüller (at no. 16, 1906), where the façade resonates with the Viennese Sezessionul style, while the adornments of the house at no. 10 (1902) amalgamate neo-Gothic architecture with elements of the new style. The iconic House of confectioner Montaldo, also known as Tortenhaus (at no. 14), stands as a landmark building in the town, designed by architect Peter Bartesch in 1864. This building later became the residence of Baross hotel. At the eastern end of Republicii Street once stood the principal town gate, dismantled in the XIXth century along with the north-eastern fortifications of Brasov's Stronhold. Beyond the fortified wall's former location, where executions and witch burnings transpired in the Middle Ages, new administrative edifices were erected, such as The Finances Palace (1897-1898, now the City Hall), The Justice Palace (1902, presently the Prefecture), and The Post Palace (1906). Progressing from Portica towards Warthe, notable constructions include Vila Kertsch (1887, demolished in 1970), The Artisans Association's House (1902, now the Museum of Art), Vila Schuller (1896, deconstructed in 1962), The State Humanistic Superior School (1888-1889, now the T wing of the University), and The Reformed Church (1891-1892, designed by architect Alpár Ignátz), which was later demolished in 1963 to accommodate the new wing of 'Aro Palace' Hotel, planned by architect Iancu Rădăcină, and the modernist-styled construction by renowned international architect Horia Creangă, completed between 1938-1939. These newer edifices form a boundary towards the 'Stronghold' Rudolf Boulevard (Rudolfsring, later Carol I Boulevard, presently Heroes Boulevard), situated along the medieval defense ditch on the north-eastern side.

The complex of the Saints Constantine and Helena Church, which includes several church buildings with different purposes, is located south of Hisar Kapia. In the space surrounded by a high stone wall with a decorative brick cornice, besides the church, there is also a high bell tower, a sexotn's premise, a priest's premise, a marble fountain, and a school. The complex is accessible from the west through a large courtyard gate that takes you to a cobblestone street. At the eastern courtyard gate is the building of the Bozhi Grob Convent, in which monks from Jerusalem used to stay. From the east, the buildings overlap or border with the early Byzantine fortress wall of Philippopolis from the 5th-6th centuries, which is part of the architectural and historical Round Tower Complex - Hisar Kapia.In 304, at the place where the church is today, upon the persecution of Emperor Diocletian against the Christians, the martyrs Severian and Memnos were decapitated. Before them, 38 martyrs from Plovdiv were also persecuted because of their faith.The temple dedicated to the apostles Constantine and Helena, located at this place, is mentioned in the travel book of German theologian Stephan Gerlach who visited Plovdiv in 1578.At the beginning of the 19th century, when the economic power of the Bulgarian Christian community grew, the chief governor of the temple, Todor Moravenov, collected funds for its reconstruction, and another prominent Plovdiv revivalist Valko Kurtovich Chalakov obtained a sultan decree for the restoration of the two nearby churches Sveta Nedelya and Saints Constantine and Elena. The church was restored in 1832 by masters from the town of Bratsigovo. Soon after, the highw wood-carved iconostasis, done by John Pashkula of the village of Metsovo, was completed. The icons on the two rows were made by the Revival artist Zahari Zograf, who worked here in the period from 1834 to 1866. Later, Nikola Odrinchinin and Stanislav Dospevski also left their works here. In the period from 1864 to 1866 the walls of the church were painted by Stefan Andonov and Atanas Gyudxhenov of the town of Pazardzhik. They also decorated the iconostasis with gilding and rich polychromy.

The Holy Sunday Church (Св. Недела) is positioned on the left side of Bitola's northern entrance, in close proximity to the Holy Sunday cemetery. This church, constructed in 1863, takes the form of a three-naved basilica and features a central octagonal dome. Inside, an intricately crafted wooden iconostasis graces the space, showcasing predominantly modern icons. Similar to other churches in Bitola, local guilds played a significant role in its construction, and in 1864, the church's dome was adorned with vibrant paintings. Subsequently, another layer of artwork was added towards the late nineteenth century, although it has suffered considerable damage over time. Within the churchyard of Holy Sunday lies the Ilinden cemeteries, serving as the final resting place for Macedonian insurgents from the Ottoman era, including Komitas Dimko Nikolov and Aleksandar Turundzhev.

Built between the 18th and 19th centuries, and situated in the center of the Gorica Quarter, the Church of Saint Spiridon is a three-nave basilica, with a flat ceiling, and two lower side naves. The church is composed of the nave, the altar area, the narthex, the portico, the bell tower and another area for prayer to the right of the nave. The iconostasis is made of wood and covers the whole length in front of the entrance to the altar area. The church has one entrance from the narthex where there is an inscription in Greek dating the construction of the monument to 1864. On the side of the entrance is the portico, placed on nine circular stone pillars supported on simple square bases. The apse is on the east and has three parts. To the north of the church is the bell tower, constructed of high quality carved stones. The only murals that remain are partially preserved in the eastern nave.

This building located in Gorica Quarter is one of the most typical examples which demonstrated how the houses with a cardak that were built in Berat in the first quarter of the XIX century started to undergo a series of changes. These changes consisted mainly in the addition of other rooms and in the application of a different architectural style on the main view of the house. The year 1864 written on the water cistern is important information for determining the time when the building was built. Based on the architectonic formulation of the exterior which the house gained at the last construction phase, which is related to many reconstructions many old building in the city of Berat underwent starting around the first quarter of the XIX century, it is thought that the year 1864 belongs to the third construction phase. Meanwhile this building should have been built during the second half of the XVIII century. The changes this building underwent being converted from a building with a cardak to a closed in building, reflect the changes the economic and social life of the city underwent in the city of Berat, especially during the third quarter of the XIX century. Restoration and conservation works were made on this building in 1972 with the aim of upgrading this building with a cardak. Thanks to a fruitful collaboration between the DRKK-Berat and ChwB-Albania, the building was completely restored during 2017-2018.

This house was the private residence of Yi Ha-eung (1820-1898), a royal relative of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910). In 1864, when King Cheoljong (r. 1849-1864) died without an heir, Yi's 11 year old son was selected to become king. Yi ruled on behalf of his son as prince regent until 1873, and was given the title Heungseon Daewongun. His son reigned as King Gojong of Joseon until the Korean Empire was proclaimed in 1897, after which he reigned as Emperor Gwangmu until 1907. Upon King Gonjong's enthronement in 1864, Heungseon Daewongun had this house greatly expanded and renovated. The complex spanned all the way to Changdeokgung Palace - the main palace at the time. It was also at this time that the residence became known as Unhyeongung. The phrase 'Unhyeon' in the name means 'cloud hill' and is believed to refer to the nearby hill. The syllable 'gung' in the name refers to a residence of a royal family member. Over time, the once large residential complex was divided up and became reduced to its current size. However, its historic and cultural significance continues to provide insight into the last five decades of the Joseon period.

Alūksne New Castle is an English neo-Gothic style palace in Alūksne. The castle is one of the most remarkable monuments of late Tudor neo-Gothic architecture in Latvia. Built between 1860 and 1864 for Baron Alexander von Fitinghoff-Schel. Currently, the castle is managed by the Alūksne Local History and Art Museum and the Nature Museum.

1864 (12)

Other Dates/Periods

1994

1933 - 1941

1533

1768 - 1774

1715

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