1849 - Data Points by Date/Period

The Pointe-à-Callière Museum (French: Musée Pointe-à-Callière) is an archaeology and history museum located in Old Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was founded in 1992 as part of Montreal’s 350th-anniversary celebrations. The museum showcases artifacts from First Nations groups in the Montreal region, highlighting cultural interactions over time, along with the influence of French and British empires on the region’s history. Since 1924, Pointe-à-Callière has been designated as part of Montreal’s Birthplace National Historic Site.The museum attracts over 350,000 visitors annually and has welcomed around 4.5 million visitors since opening. It has earned over fifty national and international awards for its work in museography, architecture, and community activities. Pointe-à-Callière is affiliated with the Canadian Museums Association, the Canadian Heritage Information Network, and the Virtual Museum of Canada.The museum complex includes multiple archaeological sites: Pointe-à-Callière, Place Royale, 214 Place d'Youville, and Montreal’s first Catholic cemetery, among others. Notable structures include the former Youville Pumping Station, Mariners House, and the William collector sewer, while its archaeological collections feature over a million artifacts. The main museum building stands where the Royal Insurance Building once was, which served as Montreal’s second Customs House from 1871 to 1917.The Pointe-à-Callière, Montréal Archaeology and History Complex, opened in 1992. Original plans included showcasing the William collector sewer and remains of St. Anne's Market and the Parliament of the United Province of Canada. Recently unearthed artifacts include remnants of Fort Ville-Marie and Governor Louis-Hector de Callière’s residence. Future expansions are set to reveal the Little Saint-Pierre River, channeled through the William sewer, and remains of St. Anne's Market, former home to Canada’s Parliament from 1844 to 1849. New exhibition spaces on McGill Street will also host international exhibits on ancient civilizations.In 1996, the museum launched its first traveling exhibition, 'Water In, Waste Out,' presented at the Musée de la civilisation (Quebec City) and Musée et sites archéologiques Saint-Romain-en-Gal (France). Since then, exhibits such as '1690: The Siege of Québec... The Story of a Sunken Ship' have toured within Quebec and internationally, along with 'France / New France: Birth of a French People in North America'. The museum also includes an exhibit on Montreal’s underground networks as part of the Quartier international de Montréal’s cultural route.

The Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours Chapel ('Our Lady of Good Help') is a historic church in Old Montreal, Quebec, built in 1771 on the site of an earlier chapel. Located at 400 Saint Paul Street East, near Bonsecours Market, this church is among the oldest in Montreal.St. Marguerite Bourgeoys, the first teacher in Ville-Marie and founder of the Congregation of Notre Dame, inspired the colonists to build the original chapel in 1655. She brought a wooden statue of Our Lady of Good Help from France in 1673, and the stone chapel was completed in 1678. After a fire destroyed the original church in 1754, a new structure was built in 1771, where the saved statue and reliquary now remain.Following Montreal’s capture by British forces during the French and Indian War, the chapel served Irish and Scottish troops and their families. Fundraising there helped build Saint Patrick's Church, Montreal's first English-speaking Catholic parish.In the 19th century, Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours became a pilgrimage site for sailors arriving at the Old Port of Montreal, who made offerings in thanks for safe voyages. In 1849, Bishop Ignace Bourget gifted the chapel a statue of the Virgin as 'Star of the Sea,' placed atop the church overlooking the harbor, earning it the nickname 'Sailors' Church.'Today, the chapel also houses the Marguerite Bourgeoys Museum, which honors her life and early Montreal history. An archeological site under the chapel features First Nations and French colonial artifacts, including remains of the original chapel and colonial fortifications. Visitors can also climb the chapel’s spire for views of the Old Port and the Saint Lawrence River. In 2005, the mortal remains of St. Marguerite Bourgeoys were returned to rest in the sanctuary.

Bonsecours Market (French: Marché Bonsecours) is a two-story domed public market located at 350 Rue Saint-Paul in Old Montreal, Quebec. Opened in 1847, it served as Montreal's main public market for over a century and briefly hosted the Parliament of United Canada in 1849. Named after the nearby Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours Chapel, the Neoclassical building was inspired by Dublin's Customs House and designed by British architect William Footner. Construction began in 1844, with major alterations by Irish-born architect George Browne completed in 1860.The market also housed Montreal City Hall from 1852 to 1878, including a 3,700-square-meter meeting room and a concert hall added by Browne. It continued as a farmer’s market until 1963, after which it was transformed into a multi-purpose space with cafés, restaurants, boutiques, and event halls.Designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1984, Bonsecours Market was commemorated by Canada Post in 1990 with a $5 stamp featuring its image. The stamp was designed by Raymond Bellemare and printed by the British American Bank Note Company and the Canadian Bank Note Company.

The Château Ramezay is a historic building and museum located on Notre-Dame Street in Old Montreal, directly across from Montreal City Hall in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.Originally built in 1705 as the residence for Montreal's governor, Claude de Ramezay, the Château holds the distinction of being Quebec’s first designated historical monument and is the oldest private history museum in the province. It was recognized as a National Historic Site of Canada in 1949.The Château changed hands and functions several times over the years. After Ramezay’s descendants sold it to the Compagnie des Indes, it served as the headquarters of the Continental Army in 1775 when they captured Montreal. In 1776, Benjamin Franklin briefly stayed at the Château while attempting to recruit troops for the American Revolutionary War. Following the British conquest, the building served as a residence for British governors until 1849, known formally as Government House, complementing the governor’s residences in Quebec City and Sorel.In 1878, the Château became home to the Université de Montréal’s first Faculty of Medicine. By 1894, it had been purchased by the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Montreal, transforming into a museum and portrait gallery. In 1895, architect Sir Andrew Taylor led alterations to adapt the space for its new role.Today, the Château Ramezay Museum houses a collection of roughly 30,000 items, mainly donated by Montrealers, including manuscripts, artworks, numismatic items, ethnological artifacts, paintings, prints, and furniture. Between 1997 and 2002, the museum underwent extensive restorations, adding the Governor’s Garden, which was inaugurated in 2000. In 2003, it received the National Award of Excellence from the Landscape Architects of Canada and has welcomed over a million visitors to date.

Fort Pelly was a Hudson's Bay Company fur trading post in Saskatchewan, Canada, named after Sir John Pelly, the company's governor. The current village of Pelly is located about 8 miles north of the fort's original site.Before Fort Pelly, there was Fort Hibernia in the vicinity. The original Fort Pelly was established in 1824 at the northeast elbow of the Assiniboine River, near a key portage between the Assiniboine and Swan Rivers. It was the administrative center for the Hudson's Bay Company's Swan River District. The fort included a dwelling house, Indian house, staff houses, a store, and stables, all within a square palisade. The first chief trader was Alan McDonell. The fort traded with Cree and Salteaux Natives and employed people from these communities. After being destroyed by fire in 1842, it was rebuilt by chief trader Cuthbert Cumming. Thomas McKay, who later became the first mayor of Prince Albert, was born there in 1849.In 1856, Fort Pelly was relocated about a quarter mile southeast to avoid flooding. The original site remained in use until at least 1859. By 1870, the Hudson's Bay Company ceded its lands to Canada, retaining its posts. The fort was on block 17 of the Fort Pelly Reserve until Fort Ellice took over as district headquarters around 1871. The arrival of the Canadian Northern Railway in 1909, 6 miles north of Fort Pelly, led to a decline in trade, and the fort was abandoned in June 1912.Excavations by the Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History in 1971 and 1972 uncovered all known buildings and recovered 7,000 artifacts. The site of the first Fort Pelly was designated a Historic Site by Saskatchewan in 1986 and is managed by Saskatchewan Parks Service. The site of the second fort was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1953 and is maintained by the Fort Pelly Historical Society.

The Church of Sant'Antonio Taumaturgo, also referred to as the Church of Sant'Antonio Nuovo, holds prominence as the primary religious structure in Borgo Teresiano, Trieste's center, and stands as the city's largest Catholic church. Positioned at Sant’Antonio Nuovo square, it resides at the terminus of the Grand Canal. The inception of the construction project dates back to 1808, yet actual work commenced in 1825. Featuring a facade adorned with Ionic columns, the church boasts six sculptures crafted by Francesco Bosa in 1842, depicting saints such as Saint Justus, Saints Sergius and Bacchus, Saint Servulus, Saint Maurus, Saint Euphemia, and Saint Tecla.A private chapel dedicated to the Annunciation existed at the current church site until the mid-18th century. Opened to the public by Antonio Rossetti, the chapel's popularity led to the decision to construct a larger baroque-style church dedicated to Saint Anthony, completed in 1771 but quickly deemed insufficient. In 1808, architects proposed a new neoclassical design, with Pietro Nobile's winning proposal leading to construction beginning in 1827 and consecration in 1849. Renamed ‘Sant’Antonio Nuovo,' the church stood at the Grand Canal's end until 1934 when part of the waterway was filled. Local artists' paintings adorn the church, including works by Michelangelo Grigoletti, Odorico Politi, Felice Schiavoni, Sebastiano Santi, Alessandro Longhi, Ludovico Lipparini, and Joseph Ernst Tunner. The church houses two organs built by the Mascioni company in 1958, with James Joyce noted as an attendee at Easter mass there.

The Natural History Museum in Sibiu has its roots in the mid-19th century with the establishment of the Transylvanian Society for Natural Sciences in 1849. Initiated by German-Saxon intellectuals, the society aimed to promote a passion for naturalism, share discoveries, and educate the youth about nature and its conservation. As collections grew, the need for dedicated storage space became urgent. By 1890, plans for a purpose-built structure were formed, leading to the construction's commencement in 1894 and subsequent opening on May 12, 1895. The museum showcases Italian High Renaissance architecture across three levels, underwent complete renovation from 2006 to 2008, and offers a courtyard for relaxation and observation of various plant species.

The Reconciliation Park in Arad features a significant Triumphal Arch standing at 9 meters in height. Created by sculptor Ioan Bolborea, the arch is adorned with depictions of significant figures from Romanian history. The Triumphal Arch was constructed in 2004, serving as a memorial to Romanian fighters who lost their lives in the 1849 insurrection against the Austrian authorities.

This Church of the Society of Jesus in the Mayfair district of London, is dedicated to the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary and has a special place in the hearts of many people. Popularly known as Farm Street Church, it harks back to the 1840's, when the Jesuits sought a site for their London church. The location they chose was originally a mews (stables and coachman's quarters) in a back street. The name derived from the Hay Hill Farm that extended in the 18th century from the present Hill Street eastward across Berkeley Square and beyond. This beautiful Roman Catholic Church, completed in 1849 and designed by Joseph John Scoles, is decorated gothic. The facade in Farm Street is in imitation of the west front of Beauvais Cathedral. Scoles chose Augustus Pugin to design the high altar, whose extraordinary work on the interiors of the Houses of Parliament had brought him much acclaim. The original building was a simple 'T' shape with a single nave supported by stone columns, with sixteen clerestory windows and side chapels to the right and left of the Sanctuary. In 1878, the Sacred Heart Aisle to the right of the High Altar was added. The vaulting of the aisle and the rhythmic interplay of the columns and side chapels are remarkable features. In the last years of the 19th century when land had been secured, William Walker was commissioned to design and build a new aisle to the left - the St Ignatius Loyola Aisle. The result is a unique and elaborate ensemble in flamboyant gothic style, with flying buttresses enclosed within the structure. At the heart of a busy city, the Jesuit Church of the Immaculate Conception, Farm Street is a lively Catholic Parish Church and a sanctuary of peace and prayer.

At the beginning of the 19th century a promenade was here behind the medieval town wall. In 1846 I. Demut-Malinovski designed the bronze monument to General Field Marshal Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly, who had attained fame in the Napoleonic Wars. De Tolly's officers collected money to erect the monument. A. Shtshedrin is responsible for the architectural part of it. This neoclassical monument was unveiled in 1849. The square was originally paved with cobblestones and surrounded by buildings on all sides. It was later re-designed to become a park.

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