1834 - Data Points by Date/Period

The church of Visterniceni cemetery became part of the Riscani district in the capital. It was renamed Saints Emperors Constantine and Elena in 1834 at the request of nobleman Iorgu Râșcanu. The church houses a significant library of Greek, Romanian, and Slavonic church books, including important texts such as the Greek Anthologhin and Romanian Apostle. The altar contains a 88/7.8 cm aër covering with an inscription in Greek from 1765. The inscription translates to 'Praise God your servants Constantine, Catherine, and Evpraxia the nun, 1765.' This indicates that the founder gave the aër covering to the church, demonstrating that the church was operational prior to 1777. The cemetery holds tombstones of notable Moldovan families like Rascanu, Donici, Krupenscki, and Russo.

The complex of the Saints Constantine and Helena Church, which includes several church buildings with different purposes, is located south of Hisar Kapia. In the space surrounded by a high stone wall with a decorative brick cornice, besides the church, there is also a high bell tower, a sexotn's premise, a priest's premise, a marble fountain, and a school. The complex is accessible from the west through a large courtyard gate that takes you to a cobblestone street. At the eastern courtyard gate is the building of the Bozhi Grob Convent, in which monks from Jerusalem used to stay. From the east, the buildings overlap or border with the early Byzantine fortress wall of Philippopolis from the 5th-6th centuries, which is part of the architectural and historical Round Tower Complex - Hisar Kapia.In 304, at the place where the church is today, upon the persecution of Emperor Diocletian against the Christians, the martyrs Severian and Memnos were decapitated. Before them, 38 martyrs from Plovdiv were also persecuted because of their faith.The temple dedicated to the apostles Constantine and Helena, located at this place, is mentioned in the travel book of German theologian Stephan Gerlach who visited Plovdiv in 1578.At the beginning of the 19th century, when the economic power of the Bulgarian Christian community grew, the chief governor of the temple, Todor Moravenov, collected funds for its reconstruction, and another prominent Plovdiv revivalist Valko Kurtovich Chalakov obtained a sultan decree for the restoration of the two nearby churches Sveta Nedelya and Saints Constantine and Elena. The church was restored in 1832 by masters from the town of Bratsigovo. Soon after, the highw wood-carved iconostasis, done by John Pashkula of the village of Metsovo, was completed. The icons on the two rows were made by the Revival artist Zahari Zograf, who worked here in the period from 1834 to 1866. Later, Nikola Odrinchinin and Stanislav Dospevski also left their works here. In the period from 1864 to 1866 the walls of the church were painted by Stefan Andonov and Atanas Gyudxhenov of the town of Pazardzhik. They also decorated the iconostasis with gilding and rich polychromy.

The small mandrać harbour is part of a heritage complex together with the Church of St. Anthony the Great. In the past, this was the main landing quay for fishermen's boats and smaller sailing ships until the construction of the new harbour in Rovenska Cove. The Church of St. Anthony the Great is one of the many votive churches in the northern Adriatic. In addition to the tombs of seafarers' families, it also houses a stone relief of a sailing ship with the name of the seafarer Blaž Gladulić from 1604. This year indicated the beginning of the formation of the merchant navy of Veli Lošinj, which expanded in later years with the help of prominent families such as Petrina, Budinić, Leva and others. The first more significant ocean-going sailing ship, the Commercio, was built in Veli Lošinj (Velo Selo) as early as 1799. Apart from its shipbuilding, Veli Lošinj is also known for its seafaring families whose members sailed with their own ships outside the Mediterranean as early as the 17th century, like the Petrina family. In the late 19th century, the Leva family owned large ocean-going sailing ships, like the Francesco Giuseppe I and Contessa Hilda, which sailed around the world. Veli Lošinj is also the birthplace of Captain Petar Jakov Leva, who was the first to sail around South America in 1834 to the port of Valparaiso in Chile on board the Ferdinando V Re d'Ungheria. Despite its rich maritime tradition, which developed continuously until the mid 19th century, Veli Lošinj surrendered its leading position in shipbuilding and seafaring to Mali Lošinj (Malo Selo). Nevertheless, Veli Lošinj, there are still many reminders of its glorious maritime history.

Petar Jakov Leva (Veli Lošinj, 1769 - Veli Lošinj, 1879). He was one of the most famous Lošinj captains as he was the first master from the eastern part of the Adriatic who sailed round the Cape Horn. His great accomplishment took place in 1834 on a brig called Ferdinando V Re d'Ungheria for the benefit of the Austrian Llloyd. He was also the first sailor from the Austrian Empire to initiate trade relations between Trieste and Chile. Equally successful was his participation in supplying the allied army during the Crimean War against Russia in 1854. He was married twice. With his second wife, Marija Budinić, sister of Captain Marco Antonio Budinić, he had as many as ten children, five of which became captains. He was also known as the most elegant Lošinj captain as he was very handsome, tall and slender. He and his lovely wife were considered the most beautiful married couple of the Lošinj maritime community in the middle of the 19th century. He comes from the renowned Veli Lošinj Leva family (De Leyva) originating from Spanish Galicia. In appreciation of their maritime, trade and war accomplishments, the eastern cape of the entrance into the Port of Veli Lošinj, where the port light is situated, was named Punta Leva.

Hamabi is a stone inscribed with the notice that all people whose status is lower than the governor should dismount from their horse and walk through the area. It has been identified that the first Hamabi was placed in front of the Jongmyo (Royal Shrine) and the palace gate during the 13th year of King Taejong's reign (1413). Regarding this particular Hamabi, the year of its establishment is still unknown, but the record states that actually it is a replacement of the previous stone which occurred during the 34th year of King Sunjo's reign (1834) by the governor Eungho Han.

The Chodkiewicz Family Palace is one of the largest and most beautiful residences not only in Vilnius but also in Lithuania. The buildings of the palace arranged along the perimeter of the block encircle an irregularly shaped courtyard. Having bought the residence in the 16th century and rebuilt it in the 18th century and early 19th century in the style of late Classicism, the Chodkiewicz Family owned the palace for about 300 years. The Medical Academy was established here in 1834. Later, the palace was given over to educational institutions of Vilnius, in 1924 it was handed over to Vilnius University and in 1994 it was given to the Lithuanian Art Museum. During the reconstruction of the palace, its late Classicism-Empire style interior was restored. The Vilnius Picture Gallery was established in the palace (with an exposition of Lithuania art of the 16th-19th century), and various exhibitions, concerts and cultural nights are being held in its premises.

1834 (6)

Other Dates/Periods

26-11-2020

04-06-1884

1373

0650 - 0800

1200

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