1379 - Data Points by Date/Period

The Celje Cathedral (Slovene: celjska stolnica) stands as a Roman Catholic cathedral honoring the Prophet Daniel in Celje, Slovenia. Since the establishment of the diocese of Celje in 2006, it has served as the episcopal seat. Originating in the 12th century, a small basilica occupied this site. However, it was replaced in 1306 by the present structure, functioning as the church for the abbey that once bordered the town in the Middle Ages. The rib-vaulted roof was constructed in 1379, and the church underwent multiple modifications until the 16th century. Notably, in 1413, the Gothic chapel of Mater Dolorosa was appended and consecrated by Bishop Hermann von Cilli of Freising in 1420. This chapel houses the prized wooden Pietà, a significant treasure within the church. The nave, comprised of three aisles, features a flat roof and a designated area for the exclusive use of nuns. Decorated with 15th-century frescoes, the ceilings hold historical significance, with the choir's paintings believed to predate those in the nave—some even potentially dating back to the 14th century. Among the depicted frescoes are representations of the Three Kings. A brightly-adorned chapel in honor of Saint Francis Xavier was introduced during the Baroque era. The chancel's painting, attributed to Michael Rosenberger, underwent restoration in 1851. Subsequently, in 1858, the church assumed its present appearance in the Gothic Revival style. Noteworthy gravestones from the Middle Ages to the 17th century embellish both interior and exterior walls. The 39th Bishop Hermann von Cilli of Freising, who passed away in Celje on December 13, 1421, following surgery, was interred in the church. His memorial now graces the presbytery on the Gospel side. Following liturgical reforms, the windows of the Mother of God chapel were replaced with vibrant modern stained glass.

The Black Church, also known as the parochial church of Saint Mary within 'Brasov's Stronghold,' is believed to have been built around 1383 under the direction of priest Thomas Sander. It was constructed on the site of an ancient place of worship. The name 'The Black Church' was given to this structure after a significant fire in 1689. This church stands as the quintessential Gothic monument in this region of Europe, showcasing a cohesive architectural and sculptural design, particularly in the ancient part of the monument known as the church's choir. The choir features statues of saints adorning the arched buttresses, reflecting the Central-European style typical of Parler's stone masons family. Construction of the church began but was interrupted by a Turkish invasion in 1421. It resumed in the mid-15th century, resulting in a hall-like structure with three aisles, lateral stands, and two towers on the west side. Only the southern tower surpasses the building's height. During this phase, five portals of carved stone were added, crafted by stone masons brought from the building yard of Saint Elisabeth Church in Košice, Slovakia. The western portal is considered a reference to late Gothic architecture in Southeastern Europe. Above the southeastern entrance's tympanum, there is a preserved image of Virgin Mary with the Child, flanked by Saint Catherine and Saint Barbara, showcasing the artistic mastery of King Mathias Corvinul's era (1458-1490). The painting is protected by a threshold with a wooden door bearing the inscription '1477,' signifying the completion of construction works. Following the devastating fire in 1689, the interior of the Black Church was reconstructed in the Baroque style. This phase saw the addition of arches, the richly adorned lateral stands with arcades featuring sculptures, a painted wooden pulpit, and choirs associated with the artisans' guilds. In the Black Church's present-day courtyard, named after the humanist Johannes Honterus (1498-1549), a central figure in the religious Reform in Transylvania, the medieval graveyard once existed. It was enclosed by several now-vanished constructions, except for the parochial church (first documented in 1379 and expanded in 1776) and remnants of Saint Catherine chapel (1388), likely situated on the site of a premonstratensian monastery documented in 1235. This monastery's name is linked to the initial historical mention of Braşov.

Jinjuseong is a complex of military facilities and buildings built since the Three Kingdoms Period (57 BCE - 668) to protect Jinju from foreign invasion. Now widely regarded as the symbol of the city's long history and culture, the fortress underwent a major renovation in 1379 under the leadership of Kim Jung-gwang, then governor of Jinju-mok. He replaced the old earthen walls with stone walls as part of the effort to keep his city from the Japanese pirates who plundered the Korean coastal areas so often during this period of history. The second major renovation which included building the inner fortress took place just after the Imjinwaeran, a war that devastated Korea for seven years following the Japanese invasion in 1592. Today, Jinjuseong is largely related with the historic victory at the battle fought in 1592 in which a Joseon amy of 3.800 men led by General Kim Si-min was supported by men and women of Jinju to bravely confront the invasion of 20.000-strong Japanese force and defeated them. It is now commemorated as one of the three greatest victories Korea won against the Japanese invaders during the war. Jinju was attacked again in the following year, this time by over ten thousand fully armed troops. The entire population of Jinju, civilians as well as government officials, joined the Korean soldiers defending the fortress, and fought like heroes until the very last minute. It was in the 1970s that the fortress began to be restored to its former shape with the rebuilding of Chokseongmun (1972) and the inner fortress and part of the outer wall in the west (1975). The fortress restoration project continued with the removal of private houses in and around the fortress wall in 1979 and completed with the restoration of Gongbungmun in 2002. The restored fortress features a wall of 1.760 meters in circumference and 5-8 meters in height, containing Chokseongnu, Uigisa, Yeongnam Pojeongsa, Bukjangdae, Changnyeolsa, Hoguksa, Seojangdae, Imjin Daecheop, and Jinju National Museum.

1379 (3)

Other Dates/Periods

1786

1185

27-04-1906

01-10-1983

1909

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