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1091 (2)

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A different way to connect history and geography, time and space. This is the Date/Period page, developed to have temporal information displayed on the map. Below you can see the map displayed with data points which are connected to the date/period 1091 . Examples such as the date of the construction of a building, historical events that happened in a specific year/day, inaugurations, etc. can be seen through their presentation on a world map. The data snippets related to the date/period 1091 are also presented in a paginated list below the map. For suggesting geographical points (coordinates) related to the date/period 1091 please do not hesitate to contact us through the page 'Suggest Data', you can find the link at the bottom of this page.

Showing Data Points related to the date/period 1091

7km west of the city of Strumica, in the village of Veljusa, there is a medieval church from the Byzantine period, 'The Most Holy Theotokos the Merciful (Eleusa)', dedicated to the religious holiday of the 'Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos into the Temple'. The preserved records of the two architraves indicate that the church was built by the monk, later the Strumica bishop Manuil in 1080. The sources testify that 'The Most Holy Theotokos the Merciful (Eleusa)' Monastery Church, located on a limestone rock on the northern slopes of the Elenica Mountain, was built above the former village of Paleokastro in the Strumica theme (Byzantine district). The monastery was mentioned in the 1085 decrees of the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. In 1091, or 1094, he personally visited the monastery and wrote about his admiration of the monastery.The church's architectural structures had four conches and is the only object as such in Macedonia that dates from the 11th century. The interior's dome is a cruciform and it is narrow. Above the all three main parts of the church: the nave with the altar, the narthex and the southern dome of the Saint Savior, are variously dimensioned elevated domes with polygonal tambours, beautified with ceramoplastic decoration and polychromatic resurgence of the facades. The south facade of the church is fresco-painted. In its upper central part, there is a small and abundantly profiled rosette with rack-wheeled coronal, and, below, between the bifora, there is a splendid cross-shaped bipartite ornament. The fresco painting of the church was performed in three different time periods: the altar, the under dome in the naos and the walls, the conches and the chapel in 1085; the porch in 1164, and the naos in the 19th century, with visible local painting influences. The frescos in the church were with iconographic symbolic contents and representations from the Old Testament and the New Testament. Liturgical service of the holy hierarchs with the Hetoimasia (Sacrifice of Christ) and the Mother of God with Jesus Christ sitting on the throne in the altar space.In the central dome area Jesus Christ Almighty is depicted, while under the walls of the tombs are represented Holy Mother of God, St. John the Baptist, two archangels and four prophets (Hezekiah, Habakkuk, Jeremiah, and David). In the north end of the monastery is presented the descending of Jesus Christ in hell, and in the south end is presented Candle mass. While in the southern chapel is presented St. Spas and in the dome Jesus Christ Emanuel. In the naos of the church, there is the altar rail made of marble, with designed vegetative and geometric motifs made in bas relief. The floor mosaic contains geometric motifs that follow the basics of the apses (conches) in the central part of the naos, the narthex and the southern chapel. 

Benedictine nuns have been praying and working in this monastery for almost a thousand years. They are an integral part of this complex cultural property and a true living heritage. The monastery was founded in the second half of the 11th century by abbess Čika, a member of the Zadar noble family Madil. It was bestowed upon her by the Croatian King Petar Krešimir IV. The Church of St Mary, which is the main building of the monastery complex, was built in the Early Romanesque style and consecrated in 1091. Despite numerous reconstructions, a large portion of its original structure has been preserved until the present. In the initial decades of the 16th century the church was extended and the southern and front facade were constructed in the forms of the Venetian Renaissance. The interior was redecorated in the Late Baroque style between 1742 and 1744. The first Croatian-Hungarian king Coloman bestowed the bell tower and the capitulary hall upon the new abbess Vekenega, Čika's daughter. According to the engraved inscription on the cornice of the first floor of the bell tower and others in the capitulary hall, they were built between 1105 and 1111 after the victory and peace treaty. These two buildings were the earliest monuments of the mature Romanesque style in Dalmatia. The tomb of abbess Vekenega is situated in the capitulary hall. In the 19th century the church and the capitulary hall were extensively redecorated, and in the Second World War they were partially destroyed. They were restored after extensive conservation and restoration works in the 1970s. The nuns reside in the eastern wing of the monastery, whereas the western and northern wings house the Permanent Exhibition of Sacred Art (also known as the Gold and Silver of Zadar) with a comprehensive collection of all kinds of religious artworks from the Early Middle Ages to the 19th century. This collection is one of the main cultural properties of the Republic of Croatia. The Archaeological Museum is situated in a modern building directly alongside the western wing of the monastery, it holds prehistoric, ancient and medieval collections of impressive artefacts, which are precious interpreters of the historical development of Zadar and North Dalmatia.

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