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Viewpoints in Tallinn (3)

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The narrative of the Bishop's Garden is directly related to the Dome Church. At about 1219, there was a church erected on Toompea. Ten years later, construction works were launched in the place of the present Dome Church. In 1240, the initial church building was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary. In the same year the Tallinn Dome Church became the Mother Church (Ecclesia Matrix) uniting all Estonian churches, i.e. becoming the Cathedral. From Reformation to the present day the Dome Church has been the Cathedral of Lutheran Church. There is no data available of the original bishop's house. In 1420 the domain of Tallinn bishops on Toompea was first mentioned by reference to the adjacent property in ownership of the Uexküof Vigala (presently Toom-Kooli 13). In the fire of 1553 or 1581, there were just a few buildings left on the present plot of Bishop's Garden, but after the fire of 1684, the property was razed clean of houses. The vacant plot in Church ownership was used by Church officials as a garden. In documents of 1765 that area was also called the garden of Chief Pastor Harpe of the Dome Church. The well on the lower level of Bishop's Garden was excavated to the bottom in 1954-1955 and thereafter restored. The survey revealed that the well was 9.75 meters deep, with formwork of limestone in the section of the filling earth, and cut 5.7 meters deep into the flag rock. In 1930, in the process of organizing the tennis field located in the garden, a subterranean vaulted reservoir was discovered, evidently built after the devastating fire of 1684 to hold fire fighting water for Toompea. The outer dimensions of the subterranean room are 7 x 7.9 meters and the depth ca. 4 meters. The green area designed for the 500th anniversary of Reformation is centred on the Garden of Eden (Paradise) with paradise apple trees. Engraved with Roman numerals in the granite slabs of the main path of the garden are 14 stations of the Cross on the Via Dolorosa.

Harjumägi or Harjuvärava mägi (Hill of the Harju Gates) is a park situated on an embankment of former Inger bastion. A street (Komandandi tee) was built through the bastion in 1860-1861. In 1861-1862 the bastion was changed to a green area under the supervision of burgomaster Carl August Mayer. To reach the hill, a staircase decorated with eight ornamented vases was built from the Harju Gates in 1865 and people started to call it Mayer's staircase. The staircase was extended and renovated in 1890 and 1907. The ceramic vases were replaced with cast-iron vases in 1885-1887. In 1865 the city government rented the Harjumägi to the Estonian Gardening Society. The hill was reconstructed in 1881-85 and the maintained Harjumägi was rented for establishing a cafe summer club in 1887. This turned the Harjumägi into the most beloved recreational areas of the citizens of Tallinn, The hill got a restaurant, bandstand, concert ground with music pavilion and a bowling alley. All those wooden buildings were built in historicist style with lots of ornaments. In 1929 the earlier facilities were demolished and a new bandstand, which has been preserved to this day, was built. An open air cafe was opened here in 1932. An interesting fact about this place is that in 1889 a world famous pilot Charles Leroux started his flight on a hot air balloon from here and he made his tragically ended parachute jump in the Bay of Tallinn. During the Soviet times the park area was used for different events. In 1980's and 90's a LP market was organised in front of the bandstand at weekends where people could obtain music from all over the world. This area was also used for organising concerts and public events (jazz concerts). In 2009 a victory column of the War of Independence was opened to the Liberty square side of the park. During the works part of the embankment of the bastion walls were exhibited. The places under the Harjumägi and Lindamägi - inside of former bastion embankments hide several passages to where it is possible to enter through Kiek in de Kök museum. The park is also special due to its ancient European lindens which were planted there in the 1750's and form a crescent in front of the bandstand.

The name of the Danish King's Garden presumably derives from the fact that by the orders of Erik VII Menvend, King of Denmark, in 1311 this area was given to the lower town and the founded city wall became the border between downtown and Toompea. The right to always remain on the stronghold's hill was a freedom given to the lower town and 'no one was ever to stop or interfere with' local people from enjoying this right. The fortifications, the Virgin Tower, the Stable Tower and the Short Leg Gate Tower have been built into the part of the city wall that is adjacent to the Danish King's Garden. The garden was originally only accessible from the Short Leg Street. Also part of the Danish King's Garden is the legend of the origin of the Flag of Denmark, the Dannebrog. The Danes were battling the Estonians on June 15th 1219 and after the Dannebrog, a red flag with a white cross, fell into their camp, the Danes gained the advantage. A white cross on a red background is also the lesser coat of arms of Tallinn. Both the monument established by the Danish-Estonian Society in 1994 and the sculpture 'A Flag Came' by Mari Rass and Liina Stratskas (2012) on the middle terrace of the garden symbolise the legend of the Dannebrog. On the lower terrace is the sculpture 'Monument to the Old King' (Heino Muller, 1969). The current layout of the Danish King's Garden dates back to the year 2000.

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